Comité Maritime International
| Comité Maritime International (CMI) |
|
|---|---|
| purpose | International association for the standardization of the law of the sea |
| Seat | Antwerp |
| founding | 1897
|
| place | Antwerp |
| Website | www.comitemaritime.org |
The Comité Maritime International (CMI) is an international non-governmental organization (INGO) for the harmonization of the law of the sea . The CMI acts as an umbrella organization for various national maritime law associations and has hosted a number of international conferences on the law of the sea, at which agreements were concluded that aim to standardize the law of the sea.
history
Commercial law in all countries is based on the practice of merchants. Since the majority of goods were traded by sea in the past, maritime law has been standardized since the Middle Ages at the latest. An early example are the Rôles d'Oléron , which even at that time hardly deviated from the rules of the English Admiralty Courts and was in almost the same way in Catalonia , Genoa , Flanders , the Netherlands and the Hanseatic cities . The rapid development during the industrial revolution led to a deviation of national legal norms from these common rules. As a result, the number of disputes and the associated insurance costs increased. This explains the growing interest in industry and politics to improve this situation.
In 1857 the National Association for Social Science was founded in London , which laid down the definitions of a general disaster until 1864. In 1873 the “Association for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations”, the predecessor organization of the International Law Association (ILA), was founded in Brussels .
At the instigation of the Belgian minister Auguste Beernaert , conferences were organized in Antwerp in 1885 and in Brussels in 1888 , which worked towards an organization that would organize the law of the sea in all areas. While these conferences were fruitless, it was recognized that successful work required better preparation and collaboration. Not least because of this knowledge, the Washington Convention on the Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea was signed in 1899.
Against this background, a Belgian lawyer specializing in maritime law, Louis Franck, sought support in Belgian business and politics. His goal was to found an organization to standardize the law of the sea. In 1896, Beernaert, Franck and the Belgian businessman Charles Le Jeune founded the Association Belge de Droit Maritime in Antwerp with the support of the ILA , the predecessor organization of the Comité Maritime International.
The first Brussels Conference on the Law of the Sea, hosted by the CMI, took place in 1910 and led to the adoption of the Convention on the Uniform Determination of Rules for the Collision of Ships and the Convention on the Uniform Determination of Rules for Assistance and Rescue in Distress . In 1974 the CMI amended the York-Antwerp rules originally issued by the ILA , which have been managed by the CMI since then (1994, 2004 and 2016).
Other cornerstones of the law of the sea, such as the Hague Rules (1924) or the Hague-Visby Rules (1968), were created in later conferences .
The German national group of the CMI is the German Association for International Maritime Law (DVIS) in Hamburg. The Switzerland is represented by the Swiss Association for Law of the Sea ( Association Suisse de Droit Maritime ). Austria is not represented in the CMI.
Web links
- Early documents and newspaper articles on Comité Maritime International in the 20th Century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Leslie Scott and Cyril Miller (1947) The Unification of Maritime and Commercial Law through the Comité Maritime International ; The International Law Quarterly Vol. 1, No. 4 (Winter, 1947), pp. 482-497.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Albert Lilar and Carlo van den Bosch (1972) International Maritime Committee 1897 - 1972 ( Memento of the original from March 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ M. Berger and W. Helmers (1979) Shipping Law and Maneuvering ; Volume 2; 8th edition; Springer Verlag, Berlin; ISBN 978-3-662-09809-7 ; P. 215.
- ↑ a b Directory of members ( memento of the original from September 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of it CMI; accessed on September 23, 2016.
