Court Tomb by Parknabinnia

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The Court Tomb of Parknabinnia ( Irish Páirc na Binne , summit field) is a modern excavated early Neolithic megalithic chamber tomb in the west of Ireland with good bone preservation. Its official identification is Cl 153.

location

The grave is at Corrofin in the Burren in County Clare in Ireland , in a small depression on Roughan Hill or Reabacain.

About 400 m west of it is one of Parknabinnia's six Wedge Tombs .

Excavations

The tomb was excavated between 1998 and 2001 by Carleton Jones of the National University of Ireland , Galway . All bones were measured three-dimensionally, which helps to understand the burial process and subsequent taphonomic processes.

Dating

Twelve radiocarbon dates date the skeletons between 3600 and 2800 BC. Chr. ( Cal ). Schulting et al. suggest the following dating: First usage phase between 3700 and 3570 BC BC, continued use, probably with interruptions, until 2905/2620 BC Chr. Cooney et al. use Bayesian statistics to arrive at the following dating model:

  • Construction 3885–3440 BC BC cal. (95% probability) or 3715–3530 BC Chr. Cal. (68% probability)
  • Use for burial until 2900–2640 BC BC cal (95%) or 2880-2760 BC Chr. Cal. (68%).

Among the burnt bones there are also cup and early Bronze Age remains that were mixed with the other bones.

Burials

The debris in the two burial chambers was over three feet thick and consisted of earth, stones, loose bones, animal bones, shards and artifacts made of stone and bone. The burials were obviously carried out in several phases, the skeletons are separated by layers of stone. An analysis of the bone distribution showed that the burials took place with a uniform orientation. Bones are piled up in the anterior chamber against the stone blocking access to the posterior chamber, proving that the posterior chamber was abandoned first.

6084 bones from at least 20 people of both sexes and all ages (15 adults, five children) were found in the two chambers. 1.6% of the bones were burned. The skull, cervical vertebrae ( axis ), collarbones and upper arms are overrepresented

Finds

Pottery, two flat stone beads, a bone gag and a bone bead were found. The lithic inventory consisted of scratches, leaf-shaped arrowheads and retouched blades (plano-convex and flat knives). The pottery consists of two articulated wall bowls, one decorated and several undecorated bowls. They date to the early 4th millennium

The animal bones come from cattle, ovicaprides , pigs and dogs, as well as from animals that invaded later.

Comparable systems

Court Tombs are among the megalithic chamber tombs ( English chambered tombs ) of the British Isles . With around 400 specimens, they are found almost exclusively in Ulster in the north of Ireland or in Northern Ireland .

With Ballyganner North, Teergonean in County Clare and Shanballyedmond in County Tipperary , the facility is one of the four atypical court tombs that were used at the same time as the other court tombs in Ireland between 3700 and 3570 BC. Seems to have started. The atypical grounds are very narrow, with straight instead of round or oval courtyards and short, step-shaped hills instead of the usual trapezoidal hills. Jones calls them the North-Munster Type.

See also

literature

  • Jessica F. Beckett: Interactions with the Dead: A Taphonomic Analysis of Burial Practices in Three Megalithic Tombs in County Clare, Ireland. European Journal of Archeology 14 (2011), pp. 394-418, DOI: 10.1179 / 146195711798356719
  • Jessica F. Beckett, Carlton Jones: Preliminary assessment of the bone remains at the Parknabinnia chambered tomb (Cl 153) on Roughan Hill . The Other Clare 26 (2002), pp. 5-7.
  • Carlton Jones: Neolithic beginnings on Roughan Hill and the Burren . In: Armit, Ian; Murphy, Eileen M .; Nelis, Eiméar; Simpson, Derek (Ed.), Neolithic Settlement in Ireland and Western Britain. Oxford: Oxbow 2003, pp. 188-194. ISBN 9781782979869 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carleton Jones, Paul Walsh, Pádraig Ó Cearbhaill, Recent Discoveries on Roughaun Hill, County Clare. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 126, 1996, 86. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25549807
  2. ^ "Site C" in Carleton Jones, Paul Walsh, Pádraig Ó Cearbhaill, Recent Discoveries on Roughaun Hill, County Clare. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 126, 1996, 88. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25549807
  3. ↑ Christophe Snoeck, Carleton Jones, John Pouncett, Steven Goderis, Philippe Claeys, Nadine Mattielli, Antoine Zazzof, Paula J. Reimer, Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Rick J. Schulting, Isotopic evidence for changing mobility and landscape use patterns between the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in western Ireland. Journal of Archaeological Science, Reports 30, 2020, 102214. [1]
  4. ^ Thomas J. Westropp, Prehistoric Remains in the Burren, County Clare (Carran, and Kilcorney). Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland , 5th Ser. 8/4, 1898, 357. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25508557
  5. ↑ Jessica F. Beckett, Interactions with the Dead: A taphonomic Analysis of Burial Practices in three megalithic Tombs in County Clare, Ireland. European Journal of Archeology 14, 2011, 399. DOI: 10.1179 / 146195711798356719
  6. ↑ Jessica F. Beckett, Interactions with the Dead: A taphonomic Analysis of Burial Practices in three Megalithic Tombs in County Clare, Ireland. European Journal of Archeology 14, 2011, 409. DOI: 10.1179 / 146195711798356719
  7. ↑ Jessica F. Beckett, Interactions with the Dead: A taphonomic Analysis of Burial Practices in three Megalithic Tombs in County Clare, Ireland. European Journal of Archeology 14, 2011, 400. DOI: 10.1179 / 146195711798356719
  8. ↑ GU-10575; 4195 ± 55 BP , Rick J. Schulting, Eileen M. Murphy, Carleton Jones, G. Warren, New dates from the north, and a proposed chronology for Irish court tombs. Proceedings Royal Irish Academy 112C, 2012, 1-60
  9. ↑ Gabriel Cooney, Alex Bayliss, Frances Healy, Alasdair Whittle, Ed Danaher, Lydia Cagney, Jim Mallory, Jessica Smyth, Thomas Kador, Muiris O'Sullivan, Ireland. In: Alasdair Whittle, Frances Healy, Alex Bayliss (Eds.), Gathering Time, Dating the Early Neolithic Enclosures of Southern Britain and Ireland . Oxford, Oxbow Books 2011, 611. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvh1dwp2.24
  10. ↑ UBA-31468: 2456 - 2415 cal.BCE, UBA-32467: cal. 1971 - 1687 BCE
  11. ↑ Christophe Snoeck, Carleton Jones, John Pouncett, Steven Goderis, Philippe Claeys, Nadine Mattielli, Antoine Zazzof, Paula J. Reimer, Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Rick J. Schulting, Isotopic evidence for changing mobility and landscape use patterns between the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in western Ireland. Journal of Archaeological Science, Reports 30, 2020, 102214. [2]
  12. ↑ Christophe Snoeck, Carleton Jones, John Pouncett, Steven Goderis, Philippe Claeys, Nadine Mattielli, Antoine Zazzof, Paula J. Reimer, Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Rick J. Schulting, Isotopic evidence for changing mobility and landscape use patterns between the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in western Ireland. Journal of Archaeological Science, Reports 30, 2020, 102214. [3]
  13. ↑ Jessica F. Beckett, Interactions with the Dead: A taphonomic Analysis of Burial Practices in three Megalithic Tombs in County Clare, Ireland. European Journal of Archeology 14, 2011, 400. DOI: 10.1179 / 146195711798356719
  14. ↑ Christopher J. Knüsel, John Robb, Funerary taphonomy: An overview of goals and methods. Journal of Archaeological Science, Reports 10, 2016, 658
  15. ^ Gabriel Cooney, The Role of Cremation in Mortuary Practice in the Irish Neolithic. In: Ian Kuijt, Colin P. Quinn, Gabriel Cooney (Eds.), Transformation by Fire, the Archeology of Cremation in Cultural Context . Tucson, University of Arizona Press 2014, 196. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stabl/j.ctt183p891.14
  16. ↑ Jessica F. Beckett, Interactions with the Dead: A taphonomic Analysis of Burial Practices in three Megalithic Tombs in County Clare, Ireland. European Journal of Archeology 14, 2011, 404. DOI: 10.1179 / 146195711798356719
  17. ↑ Christophe Snoeck, Carleton Jones, John Pouncett, Steven Goderis, Philippe Claeys, Nadine Mattielli, Antoine Zazzof, Paula J. Reimer, Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Rick J. Schulting, Isotopic Evidence for changing Mobility and Landscape Use Patterns between the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in western Ireland. Journal of Archaeological Science Reports 30, 2020, 102214. [4]
  18. ↑ Jessica F. Beckett, Interactions with the Dead: A taphonomic Analysis of Burial Practices in three Megalithic Tombs in County Clare, Ireland. European Journal of Archeology 14, 2011, Tab. 5. DOI: 10.1179 / 146195711798356719
  19. ↑ Jessica F. Beckett, Interactions with the Dead: A taphonomic Analysis of Burial Practices in three Megalithic Tombs in County Clare, Ireland. European Journal of Archeology 14, 2011, 406 DOI: 10.1179 / 146195711798356719
  20. ↑ Christophe Snoeck, Carleton Jones, John Pouncett, Steven Goderis, Philippe Claeys, Nadine Mattielli, Antoine Zazzof, Paula J. Reimer, Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Rick J. Schulting, Isotopic evidence for changing mobility and landscape use patterns between the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in western Ireland. Journal of Archaeological Science, Reports 30, 2020, 102214. [5]
  21. ↑ Christophe Snoeck, Carleton Jones, John Pouncett, Steven Goderis, Philippe Claeys, Nadine Mattielli, Antoine Zazzof, Paula J. Reimerg, Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Rick J. Schulting, Isotopic evidence for changing mobility and landscape use patterns between the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in western Ireland. Journal of Archaeological Science, Reports 30, 2020, 102214. [6]
  22. ↑ Jessica F. Beckett, Interactions with the Dead: A taphonomic Analysis of Burial Practices in three Megalithic Tombs in County Clare, Ireland. European Journal of Archeology 14, 2011, 401. DOI: 10.1179 / 146195711798356719
  23. ↑ Carlton Jones, Walsh, P. 1996. Recent discoveries on Roughan Hill, County Clare. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 126, 1996, 86-107
  24. ^ Carlton Jones, The north Munster atypical court tombs of western Ireland - Social dynamics, regional trajectories and responses to distant events over the course of the Neolithic. In: Johannes Müller, Martin Hinz, Wunderlich, M. (Ed.), Megaliths - Societies - Landscapes. Early Monumentality and Social Differentiation in Neolithic Europe. Proceedings of the international conference in Kiel 16-20 June 2015 . Bonn, Habelt 2019, 983-1004.

Coordinates: 52 ° 59 '16.4 "  N , 9 ° 6' 6.6"  W.