Cyriakus Church (Bönnigheim)
The Cyriakus Church in Bönnigheim , originally a Romanesque basilica , was first mentioned around 1100 and is now the Protestant town church.
history
The church is located on a slight hill in the historic town center of Bönnigheim. The church was first mentioned around 1100. The oldest surviving part of the building is the tower from 1280, which was built at the time of the granting of city rights and the construction of the city wall. During the Gothic period, the central nave (1359) and the choir (1400) were rebuilt. The rood screen (1440) and the high altar (1490) also date from this period . The aisles were renewed in the neo-Gothic style in 1864 by Theodor von Landauer . Most of the neo-Gothic furnishings were removed again in 1961 during a renovation. During the same renovation, Renaissance band paintings were also uncovered on the pointed arches to the side aisles .
At present, the division into four Bönnigheims Ganerben Shares the Cyriakuskirche was in the quarters of the Lords of Gemmingen , but was used by the entire population due to the closed truce. Two tombstones of the Lords of Liebenstein , another Bönnigheim Ganerbe family, have been preserved in the church. The church became Protestant in 1525 with the tolerance of the Archbishop of Mainz.
Furnishing
altar
The colored carved altar from around 1490 is attributed to the Upper Rhine school around Niklaus von Hagenau and was last extensively restored in 2000.
The center shrine of the carved altar shows the adoration of Mary with the baby Jesus by the two "white" three kings . The third (“black”) king is placed to the right of the center scene, and St. Joseph is on the left. Adoration is enthroned on three half-length figures in niches. The middle of these figures represents the church patron Cyriacus with Arthemia kneeling in front of him . The figures to the right and left of it are prophets .
In conversation narrowness of the altar another five figures are placed at bottom Catherine and Barbara, about Mary and St. John the Evangelist , top center Christ as Man of Sorrows.
The inside of the left wing of the altar shows the third of Anna , St. Wolfgang and a kneeling donor. The right inside shows Peter receiving a key from Jesus and the Archangel Michael with sword and scales.
The outside of the left wing of the altar shows the Annunciation by the Son of God, above which God the Father hovers in a half-cut window. The right outside shows a painting depicting the death of the Mother of God, above which the God the Father is shown in a half-cut window.
The predella shows the last supper. Except for Judas, Jesus and the apostles are depicted with a nimbus , the servants also depicted are only dwarf-sized compared to the main characters. The front of the cafeteria (altar table) on which the winged altar rests contains a late Gothic keystone from the barefoot monastery Frauenberg near Bönnigheim.
Rood screen
A special feature of the church is the preserved rood screen from around 1440. Rood screens were removed from Gothic churches in many places in the course of the Reformation, since as a separation between the choir as the sacred space of the clergy and the nave for the common people they no longer meet the Reformation claims of Standard space for the entire community. In addition to the city church in Esslingen and the collegiate church in Tübingen , the Bönnigheim rood screen is the last in Württemberg. The other two churches have lost their Gothic high altars. Towards the central nave, the Bönnigheim rood screen is decorated with figures of John the Baptist, Mary of the Annunciation, John the Evangelist and an angel on consoles. A figure of Christ from the Renaissance period has also been added later. The rood screen shows numerous coats of arms of the Ganerbe and the Archbishop of Mainz.
Memorial plaque for the "Schmotzerin"
The late Gothic painting was created between 1500 and 1525, depicting the " Schmotzerin " and her husband with their 53 children during the birth of Jesus in the stable in Bethlehem . To the left of the viewer, the father and 38 sons kneel, to the right the mother and 15 daughters. Banners name the year of death of Adam Stratzmann and his wife Barbara, the "Schmotzerin", and a poem praises the wealth of children of the woman who had "38 legitimate sons and 15 daughters, born in one marriage for a total of 53". It also says that in all lands and kingdoms there will probably no longer be such a woman.
Little Mount of Olives
The Little Mount of Olives is a colored relief carving with a height of 62 cm and a width of 88 cm, which shows the sending of the disciples. The Son of God is depicted in the middle of the panel as a man of sorrows and is still surrounded by four kneeling disciples. The remaining eight disciples have more or less made their way to the edges of the table: On the left edge of the table, a drinking disciple can be seen in front, behind it three disciples are leaving. On the right edge of the picture, a disciple is shown taking off a shoe, and behind it three disciples who are pulling away.
Because of the symmetrical representation of a central theme, the relief tablet could be part of a small altar. The panel could have been created around 1517 by a journeyman of Christoph von Urach who took part in the Herrenberg choir stalls .
Stained glass
In the front of the two side aisles, the two Gothic tracery windows were decorated with glass paintings by Adolf Valentin Saile from the Stuttgart glass art workshop V. Saile in 1962 : on the left, assigned to the baptismal font, with water and baptismal motifs (finding of Moses in the Nile, healing and Baptism of Naeman in the Jordan, baptism of Jesus, Samaritan woman at Jacob's fountain), on the right with christological motifs (birth of Jesus, Annunciation to the shepherds, Adam and Eve in paradise, blooming Aaron's staff).
literature
- Hartmut Gräf: Unterländer Altaren 1350-1540 , Heilbronn 1983, pp. 36–39, no. A 5 (high altar) and p. 123, no. B 19 (Kleiner Ölberg).
- Markus Otto: 650 years of church art in the Ludwigsburg district , in: Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter 41/1988
- Ilse Rauschenberger: Three Neckar-Swabian carved retables of the late Gothic - Bönnigheim - Ellhofen - Neckargartach , 1980. Heilbronn Museum Booklet No. 7 on behalf of the City of Heilbronn, edited by Andreas Pfeiffer.
- Ulrich Gräf: Art and cultural monuments in the Ludwigsburg district , Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1986, pp. 73–76, ISBN 3-8062-0466-7
- Heinz Rall: Historic churches in the Zabergäu and the surrounding area , Stuttgart 2003, pp. 10/11.
- Kurt Sartorius: St. Cyriakus Bönnigheim ; Series Kleiner Kunstführer Volume 2396; 2nd, supplemented edition, Regensburg 2013
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hartmut Gräf: Unterländer Altars 1350-1540 , Heilbronn 1983, p. 123
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ 27.9 ″ N , 9 ° 5 ′ 41.5 ″ E