Theodor von Landauer

Theodor von Landauer

Theodor von Landauer (born June 11, 1816 in Heilbronn , † August 1, 1894 in Stuttgart ) was a German architect and Württemberg construction clerk . His main works were the Royal State Library and the Justice Building in Stuttgart, both of which have gone. As a Württemberg civil servant, he was also responsible for building the courts and prison. In this function he built the penitentiary house (penitentiary) in Stuttgart and the Heilbronn cell prison.

Life

origin

Theodor Wilhelm Landauer was born on June 11, 1816 in Heilbronn as the youngest of 5 sons of the lawyer and later mayor of Heilbronn Lebrecht Landauer . His mother was Auguste Perrotin, whose father was employed as head chef at the ducal court in Stuttgart.

education

Landauer completed an apprenticeship as a carpenter and stone carver in Heilbronn and attended individual subjects at the upper secondary school. From the age of eighteen he studied architecture from 1834 to 1837 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich and attended lectures at the University of Munich and the Polytechnic School .

job

After completing his studies in 1837, Landauer embarked on a career in the Württemberg building administration. He began in 1837 as a construction assistant at the Ludwigsburg district building authority . In 1839 he was given the design of the interior decoration for the first Lake Constance steamship, the Kronprinz . In the same year he moved to the Ministry of War as site manager for the construction of the third wing of the Rotebühl barracks in Stuttgart (today Rotebühlbau ).

In 1842, after passing the state examination for building architects, he was accepted into the Ministry of Justice as a building inspector. He dealt with the construction of the prison and made study trips to Switzerland, Italy, Belgium and England in 1843 to find out about the prison system. He used the knowledge he gained on these trips for his contributions to the monograph “Courts, Penal and Correctional Institutions”, which was published in 1887. In practice, the results of his study trips flowed into the planning of two prison buildings that he built himself. He was able to build his first prison in Stuttgart from 1846 to 1850. The penitentiary house ( penitentiary house) was designed as a four-wing complex, but was only designed with two wings.

In 1849 he was appointed district building inspector in Calw . He took over the design of the new Protestant church buildings in Rottenburg am Neckar and in Oberjesingen , "whose simple design language already shows a turn towards Gothic architecture". In 1858 he was appointed to Ludwigsburg as a district building officer, and in 1862 to the building officer of the Royal Domain Directorate in Stuttgart. In 1871 he was appointed senior building officer, in 1881 he was made a real senior building officer and thus personally ennobled. In 1887 he was finally appointed building director of the Royal Domain Directorate.

In addition to the diverse management and administrative activities that his employment brought with it, Landauer built several neo-Gothic churches as the executive architect, the Heilbronn cell prison, which, unlike the penitentiary house in Stuttgart, was completely built as a four-wing complex, and finally two magnificent buildings in the style of the Neo-Renaissance in Stuttgart, the Royal State Library and the Justice Building, for which he was inspired by Viennese architecture when he visited the World Exhibition in 1873 and "which, with their rich historicism, were supposed to express the growing need for recognition of the Empire". Landauer retired in 1891. He died on August 1, 1894 in Stuttgart at the age of 75 and was buried in section 13 of the Prague cemetery in Stuttgart.

family

Theodor Landauer's grave in the Prague cemetery.

On July 4, 1843, the 27-year-old Landau in Heilbronn married Auguste Henriette Amalie Bruckmann (1815–1869), daughter of the Heilbronn city schoolmaster Johann Clemens Bruckmann , who was not only his successor as head of the city after the early death of Landauer's father , but also became the guardian of his underage children. The marriage resulted in the daughter Anna Mathilde and the five sons Carl August Julius, Eugen, Gustav, Max Julius and Theodor Lebrecht.

The family's annual income was 1200 guilders in 1858, 1700 guilders in 1862, 2500 guilders in 1867 and 5000 marks from 1881, which corresponds to a converted income of 21,600, 26,350, 35,500 and 34,500 euros. The family did not own a house, but rented them, from 1863 mainly at Hauptstätter Strasse 91, from 1866 at Schillerstrasse 3 and 23, from 1877 at Olgastrasse 8 and 13 and from 1885 at Werastrasse 16. Landauer's wife died in 1869 at the age of 44. His unmarried daughter Anna Mathilde took care of her father and ran the household for him.

Works

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image	year	place	building
	1839	Friedrichshafen	Design: Interior decoration for the first Lake Constance steamship Kronprinz .
	1839	Stuttgart	Construction management: Third wing of the Rotebühl barracks, today Rotebühlbau, Rotebühlplatz 30.
	1846-1850	Stuttgart	Penitentiary house , penitentiary until 1901, rental house since 1919.
	1851	Schmerbach	Christ Church.
	1854-1856	Rottenburg am Neckar	Evangelical town church.
	1857-1858	Oberjesingen	Briccius Church.
	1867-1868	Kaisersbach	Protestant church.
	1867-1870	Heilbronn	Heilbronn cell prison . - Illustration: floor plan, 1873.
	1870-1874	Nagold	Johanneskirche.
	1875-1879	Stuttgart	Justice building , destroyed in 1944.
	1878-1886	Stuttgart	Royal State Library (Stuttgart) , demolished in 1970.
	1878-1880	Stuttgart	Remand prison at the Stuttgart Regional Court.

Honors and memberships

• 1842: Co-founder of the Württemberg building association.
• Board member in the Conservatory of the Patriotic Art and Antiquity Monuments. In this role, Landauer influenced the building industry in southwest Germany and the maintenance of architectural monuments.
• 1869: Building expert member of the penal college.
• 1881: Elevation to personal nobility.
• 1891: Honorary member of the Domain Management on the occasion of his retirement.
• 1891: Commander's cross of the second class of the Frederick Order on the occasion of his retirement.

Publications

• Theodor von Landauer and others: courts of law, penal and correctional institutions. In: Handbuch der Architektur, part 4, half volume 7, issue 1. 1st edition, Bergsträsser, Darmstadt 1887. 2nd edition, Bergsträsser, Stuttgart 1900, pp. 239-500, ( digital-sammlungen.de PDF).

literature

• Jan Lubitz: Landauer, Theodor von . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 83, de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-023188-5 , p. 73.
• Ulrich Gohl: Faces of their time: unknown Stuttgart architectural and cultural monuments. Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 1992, pp. 8-10 (Stuttgart, Pönitentiarhaus, Senefelder Strasse 45).
• Joachim Hennze: Theodor Wilhelm Landauer (1816-1894). A Heilbronn man in the service of the Württemberg state. In: Heilbronn heads. IV (= small series of publications from the archive of the city of Heilbronn. 52). Heilbronn 2007, pp. 125-144.
• Theodor von Landauer and others: courts of law, penal and correctional institutions. In: Handbook of Architecture. Part 4, half volume 7, issue 1. Stuttgart 1900, ( Digitale-sammlungen.de PDF). - Stuttgart judicial building: p. 295–299, cell prison in Heilbronn: p. 415–416, normal plans of Württemberg prisons: p. 427–428, prison of the judicial building in Stuttgart: p. 430–432.
• Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Significant Heilbronn (IV) . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . 15th year, no. 3 . Heilbronner Voice publishing house, March 8, 1969, ZDB -ID 128017-X .

Web links

Commons : Theodor von Landauer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

1. ↑ #Hennze 2007 , pp. 126–127.
2. ↑ #Landauer 1900.1 .
3. ↑ #AKL .
4. ↑ #Hennze 2007 , pp. 126–127.
5. ↑ #AKL .
6. ↑ The children's life data: Anna Mathilde (1844 – after 1895), Carl August Julius (* 1847, mentioned 1870), Eugen, Oberlandesgerichtsrat (1852 – after 1910), Gustav, Baurat (1853–1926), Max Julius (* 1857) and Theodor Lebrecht (1857–1875).
7. ↑ #Hennze 2007 , Stuttgart Address Books