Rotebühlbau
Coordinates: 48 ° 46 '29.1 " N , 9 ° 10' 9.3" E
The Rothebühlbau is a former infantry barracks , built between 1827 and 1843 , which today houses the regional finance office and the Stuttgart tax offices I and III.
location
The Rotebühlbau is located in the western part of downtown Stuttgart in the Stuttgart-Mitte district . The building borders directly on Rotebühlplatz . The courtyard of the U-shaped building opens onto Rotebühlstrasse. To the north-west of the Rotebühl building, behind the central building, there is now the tax office canteen and two vocational schools ( Max-Eyth-Schule and Robert-Mayer-Schule).
History of the barracks (1827-1918)
Origin of the building
In 1816 there were three barracks in Stuttgart, which King Wilhelm I wanted to combine into one barracks complex. In the end, a centrally located and above all large barracks was built. The eponymous term Rotebühl goes back to a red image of a saint that once stood in front of the nearby town gate on Calwer Chaussee . Officially, the building was run as a large infantry barracks , but the term Rotebühl barracks was far more common . The construction of the entire barracks lasted from 1827 to 1843. The left wing was built from 1827 to 1832. The transverse wing and the rear building were built between 1832 and 1839. The right wing then followed from 1839 to 1843 under the supervision of Theodor von Landauer . With its wings each 150 m long, this barracks was the largest of its kind in Germany for a long time. At that time the farm served as a parade ground.
The regiments and their war missions
The two infantry regiments Queen Olga No. 119 and the so-called "Siebener" (7th Württ. No. 125) were stationed in the barracks . Soldiers moved from here for three wars: in 1866 for the German War , 1870 for the Franco-German War and in 1914 for the First World War . On August 6, 1914, both regiments entered the First World War. They were bid farewell to King Wilhelm II and Queen Charlotte in the courtyard of the barracks . The following words have been handed down on this: "I trust in the tried and tested, dutiful devotion of my troops and I am certain that my Württembergians will vie for their fathers with their comrades-in-arms from the north and south in order to lead our great gift to victory."
Bombing during the First World War
Stuttgart was attacked from the air for the first time on September 22, 1915 . 23 bombing attacks were counted. The Rotebühl barracks did not remain unscathed either. A bomb hit the Rotebühl barracks, killing three soldiers and injuring 38.
November Revolution 1918
In the course of the nationwide uprisings, the MSPD , the unions and the USPD called on November 9, 1918 in Stuttgart for a mass rally in the city center. During the rally, the Spartakist Albert Schreiner and several hundred demonstrators moved in front of the Rotebühl barracks. The following events are described by the historian Manfred Scheck in his history of the workers' movement in Württemberg:
“The locked gate of the infantry barracks was pushed in and the demonstrators poured into the courtyard, but did not stop there. Armories and clothing stores were emptied, rifles smashed as well as the pictures and busts of the crowned heads. The files of the Higher Court of Justice were thrown out the window, and some prisoners were also released. In the courtyard of the barracks, the soldiers then elected a soldiers' council headed by a carpenter. "
From the barracks to the administrative center (1918 until today)
After the end of the First World War and the resulting demobilization of the German Army through the Treaty of Versailles , the barracks housed parts of the winding-up office of the former Württemberg War Ministry . This heralded the conversion to an administrative building. Since 1919 the Rotebühlbau has housed a wide variety of authorities, including tax offices, the Ministry of Labor and the trade inspectorate. However, no structural changes were made on the occasion of this conversion. This only happened after the central building was destroyed and the side wings were badly damaged by air raids in July and September 1944. In the last years of the war there was a raised stand with light flak (2 cm) in the courtyard of the Rotebühl building. After the end of the Second World War, the building was rebuilt between 1948 and 1952. For this purpose, the central building, in which the tax office is today, was increased by three floors. From 1993 to 1998 the entire building was renovated and reinforced concrete ceiling structures were installed in the side wings.
Monuments
Grenadier plate
A reference that still reminds of the building's earlier use as a barracks is a relief by Fritz von Graevenitz . According to the engraving, it dates from 1959. The relief now hangs in the pedestrian passage of the central building. Fritz von Graevenitz himself served in Queen Olga No. 119 Grenadier Regiment from 1911 to 1918 .
Plaque
Another reference to the earlier use of the building is a plaque on the front of the west wing. The plaque commemorates the more than 4,000 fallen soldiers of the “Seven” regiment.
obelisk
Next to the west wing, at the corner of Rotebühl and Herzogstraße, there is an approx. 6 meter high obelisk made of shell limestone, the top of which is adorned with an eagle. The obelisk commemorates the fighting and the fallen of the "Seven" regiment (1809-1919). Like the grenadier plate, it comes from Fritz von Graevenitz and, according to the engraving, was created in 1927.
patio
The interior of the Rotebühlkaserne is partly green park, partly parking lot. There are only plane trees in the park .
Tubular plastic
In front of the east wing (Stuttgart I Tax Office) is the tubular sculpture 8/73 by Erich Hauser , from 1973. It is 8.00 m high, 5.00 m long and 3.00 m wide and is made of stainless steel. The sculpture is divided into two parts: one in the border and the other on the base. The work of art is owned by the state of Baden-Württemberg.
literature
- Winfried Mönch: A three-winged barracks: Rotebühlbau Stuttgart: From the large infantry barracks to the modern administrative center . In: Castles of Baden-Württemberg . - 2002, 3 - pp. 21-23.
- Wilhelm Keil: Experiences of a Social Democrat . Volume 2. Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart 1948.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Winfried Mönch: A three-winged barracks: Rotebühlbau Stuttgart: From the large infantry barracks to the modern administrative center . In: Castles of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3/2002 . State Gazette BW, Stuttgart 2002, p. 22 .
- ^ A b Winfried Mönch: A three-winged barracks: Rotebühlbau Stuttgart: From the large infantry barracks to the modern administrative center. In: Castles of Baden-Württemberg . tape 2002/3 . State Gazette BW, 2002, p. 23 .
- ↑ Winfried Mönch: Stuttgart and the aerial warfare in the First World War . In: Forum Stadt - Network of historical cities e. V. (Ed.): Quarterly magazine for urban history, urban sociology, monument preservation and urban development . tape 3/2014 . Forum Stadt Verlag, Esslingen 2014, p. 301-327 .
- ^ Soldiers' meeting in the Rotebühl barracks in Stuttgart. Retrieved July 21, 2019 .
- ↑ Manfred Scheck: Between World War and Revolution: On the history of the workers' movement in Württemberg 1914-1920 (dissertations on modern history . Böhlau, Cologne 1981, p. 142 .
- ^ Thomas Eigenhaler: Oberfinanzdirektion Stuttgart: Today modern service administration . In: Castles of Baden-Württemberg . tape 03/2002 . State Gazette BW, Stuttgart 2002, p. 24 .
- ↑ Heinz Bardua: Stuttgart in the air war: 1939-1945 . Ed .: Kurt Leipner. 2nd Edition. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1985, p. 345 ff .
- ↑ Stuttgart flak positions. Retrieved July 30, 2019 .
- ↑ Rotebühlbau, Rotebühlkaserne, large infantry barracks »Object view» Database building research / restoration. Retrieved July 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Erich Hauser: Röhrenplastik 8/73. Retrieved July 20, 2019 .