DVD ± R

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Differentiation of the two DVD groups based on the color of the back: on the left the non-writable DVDs (gray) and on the right the writable DVDs (color) such as DVD ± R, DVD ± RW and DVD-RAM.

DVD ± R is the preamble of the two DVD variants DVD-R and DVD + R in which the data immutable can be written to a DVD. The R stands for English recordable , in German recordable . The DVD ± R is the direct successor to the CD-R .

History and dissemination

After the first sales successes of DVD videos , the device manufacturers of DVD players wanted to further increase sales by not only being able to buy expensive DVD films at the time, but also being able to create their own DVD videos cheaply, for example from their holiday videos. The DVD-R format was created for this purpose . The film industry feared that consumers would make copies of copyright-protected DVD-Videos, and ensured that the industry association DVD Forum only specified a DVD-R, which made 1: 1 copies technically difficult. An area of ​​the blank cannot be written on. This data ring prevents the consumer's burner from copying the area in which copy protection keys are stored. Without the appropriate key to restore them, copied film data cannot be used as such. However, this protection is now technically easy to circumvent, which is why the film industry relied on legal protection.

Some manufacturers of the DVD Forum were dissatisfied with the DVD-R because, on the one hand, relatively high license fees had to be paid to the DVD-Forum and, on the other hand, the special anti-copying ring on every blank DVD-R increased the production costs and thus the acceptance of the DVD -Burner was not conducive. Was reached no agreement as well as after negotiations with the DVD Forum, several manufacturers created their own industry association: the DVD + RW Alliance and developed an inexpensive alternative that DVD + R . Strictly speaking, it's only called + R because the acronym DVD is a protected name of the DVD Forum. In the literature, however, DVD + R has become commonplace, and most blank discs for DVD + R also explicitly use DVD + R as a designation.

DVD + R was initially counterproductive from the perspective of DVD burner manufacturers: Many consumers suspected that there would be format competition similar to that of the VHS , Betamax and Video 2000 video tapes , and out of uncertainty and in view of the initially very high prices, they initially did not buy any DVD. Burner. The industry responded with so-called multi - recorders that could burn both R variants. Since around 2003, only burners that can describe both variants have been available.

As a result of the tough competition between the two formats, the prices of the DVD-R and DVD + R blanks became more similar. Since most of the technical properties are the same, the language DVD ± R has established itself in the literature when DVD-R and DVD + R are meant.

However, since DVD-R is the only standard recognized by the DVD Forum, only -R discs may bear the official DVD logo, but not the + R variant, which instead has the logo of the DVD + RW Alliance.

In addition to the DVD ± R, there are also the rewritable DVD variants DVD ± RW and DVD-RAM . Compared to these, the DVD ± R has been the most widespread recordable DVD format for years because it is very inexpensive and allows the same use as its well-known and still used predecessor CD-R . Several potential successors to the DVD ± R are currently being offered and further developed, such as the BD-R (Blu-Ray Disc Recordable) . The production of the HD DVD was stopped in favor of the BD-R.

Intended use

  • Creation of their own DVD by the consumer
  • In contrast to other recordable DVD formats such as DVD ± RW and DVD-RAM, DVD ± R is not rewritable, but only writable once. However, this disadvantage is also the greatest advantage of the DVD ± R, because the DVD ± R therefore has WORM properties. That is, data once written is immutable. If these are deleted using packet writing , they can be restored using the appropriate software.
  • In the meantime, well-known labels are also starting to bring the first edition onto the market as a pressed DVD, but then deliver the reprints on DVD-R. Because creating a master only makes economic sense from a print run of around 1,000 copies, films or music videos are brought onto the market in so-called small series (also in the independent and amateur area) with fewer copies than DVD-R.

Storage capacity

The storage capacity of a DVD-R is 3.65  GB in version 1 and 4.7 GB in version 2. There are also two-layer DVD-R and DVD + R with 8.5 GB each, also dual-layer (with -R ) or double-layer DVDs (at + R). The exact capacity of the DVD-R DL is 4,171,712 sectors = 8,543,666,176 bytes ~ 7,957 GiB, the DVD + R DL has 4,173,824 sectors = 8,547,991,552 bytes ~ 7,961 GiB. With the DVD + R DL, the shift change can be positioned freely, which is often not the case with the DVD-R DL. In addition, according to the specification, with DVD-R and DVD-R DL, even with smaller amounts of data, the entire diameter must be written - for the so-called lead-out . The result is that the burn process takes as long as with larger amounts of data. However, with most burning programs it is also possible to write a shorter lead-out. While this does not meet the specifications, it saves a lot of burning time and the disc can still be read in most drives.

Different DVD media in the same size class have slightly different actual storage capacities depending on the manufacturer. Example:

Type Media ID capacity
DVD + R RICOHJPN R01 4,700,372,992 bytes or 4,482.625 MiB
DVD + R CMC MAG M01 000 (00) 4,700,375,040 bytes or approx. 4,482.627 MiB
DVD + R MCC 004 (00) 4,700,372,992 bytes or 4,482.625 MiB
DVD-R RITEKG03 4,707,319,808 bytes or 4,489.25 MiB
DVD-R TYG03 4,706,074,624 bytes or 4,488.0625 MiB

technology

Destroyed layers of a broken DVD + R Double Layer (DL)

Laser radiation with a wavelength of 650 nm is used to write (and read) DVD-R and DVD + R. As with the CD-R , the digital information is "burned" into a thin layer of organic dye. A mixture of cyanine and azo varnish is used to produce the DVD ± R.

There are several variants of the DVD-R. The DVD-R (G) (General) is the normal DVD-R with a copy protection ring to make 1: 1 copies impossible, by which book typing and the copying of keys is not possible. The DVD-R (A) (Authoring) is a special variant without a copy protection ring, but you need a special, matched burner to write to the DVD-R (A), because a different wavelength is required for writing (but not for reading) .

Storage of burner-specific data on the DVD-R

Burned DVD-R media contain data that can identify and identify the DVD burner used to create a DVD-R. According to the DVD-R specification, there is a “Recording Management Area” (RMA) in which the data for the burning process, the “Recording Management Area Data” (RMD), is saved. Among other things, they contain the name of the drive manufacturer (Drive Manufacturer ID) as well as the model number and, for some manufacturers, the serial number of the burner.

Manufacturer burner Mention of a serial number RMA entry
Lite-on SHW-1635S (firmware YS0Z) No SONY DW-Q30A YS0Z
SONY DW-Q30A is the name of the identical OEM product from Sony; this behavioral problem is a characteristic of LiteOn burners.
LG GSA-H10A (firmware JL03) Yes HL-DT-ST 915EFEB07 ....... DVDRAM GSA-H10A

In some cases, burning software offers the option of viewing RMA data on a DVD-R, in the Nero Burning ROM software, for example, under the name "Enhanced Disc Information".

In the case of blank DVD + R discs, this information is not saved by default, but in certain cases (for example via "Create Data Disc" with Nero CD-DVD Speed, together with the write speed curve) this data can be saved in a proprietary manner.

Norms and standards

Web links

Commons : DVD ± R  album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ dvddemystiziert.de