Deiotaros

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Deiotaros Philorhomaios (Greek Δηιόταρος Φιλορώμαιος "Deiotaros Roman friend"; Latin Deiotarus ; † .. 40 BC ) was a Tetrarch of tolistobogii in Galatia and was given because of the important services he Roman generals Sulla , Publius Servilius Vatia , Lucius Licinius Murena , Lucius Licinius Lucullus and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus performed in the wars in Asia, the title of king from the Roman Senate and the rule over Lesser Armenia . Deiotaros was in contact with the younger Cato , Pompeius, Gaius Iulius Caesar , Marcus Licinius Crassus , the brothers Marcus Tullius Cicero and Quintus Tullius Cicero and Marcus Junius Brutus .

In the civil war between Pompey and Caesar, he and his army (Legio XXII Deiotariana) joined Pompey and helped him with six hundred of his horsemen, but separated from Pompey after the battle of Pharsalus and returned to Galatia, where he passed through the Attack of Pharnakes II got into great distress.

When Caesar 47 BC BC went to war against Pharnakes, he was supported by Deiotaros, for this Caesar had him pardoned, confirmed him in his royal dignity and gave him back most of his kingdom. Caesar stayed at the court of Deiotarus in Luceium for a while, and since he was supposed to hold a grudge against Caesar for shortening his possessions, Deiotaros' grandson, Castor, and the doctor Pheidippus, a slave, took the opportunity to meet him End of 45 BC In Rome to be charged with two attempts to murder Caesar and other highly treasonable acts. Marcus Tullius Cicero skilfully took on the defendant's defense and managed to get Caesar to drop the trial . But Deiotarus killed Castor's parents in revenge.

Caesar's death brought a new turn in the affairs of Deiotarus. He had Fulvia , the wife of Mark Antony , paid out an immense sum, and a decree appeared immediately, supposedly from Caesar's papers, by which Deiotarus was reinstated in all his former possessions. But the latter had not even waited for this decree, but without further ado regained control of all of the lands which Caesar had withdrawn from him.

When Gaius Cassius Longinus , one of the conspirators against Caesar, came to Asia Minor to get Deiotaros on his side, he hoped to behave neutrally; only when Marcus Junius Brutus came to him himself to persuade him to conspire with him against Caesar did he declare himself to be the conspirators and send his general Amyntas to Greece to help them in the battle of Philippi . After the defeat of the conspirators, Deiotarus went over to the victors Octavian and Mark Antony , was welcomed in a friendly manner and also remained in the possession of all his lands.

literature

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Secondary literature

  • Hans-Joachim Glücklich: Cicero's speech for King Deiotarus. Interpretation and teaching suggestions (= Consilia. 11). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-25643-4 .
  • Altay Coşkun : Amicitiae and political ambitions in the context of the causa Deiotariana (45 BC). In: Altay Coşkun (ed.): Rome's foreign friends in the late republic and in the early principality (= Göttingen Forum for Classical Studies. Supplements. 19). Duehrkohp & Radicke, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89744-252-3 , pp. 127–154.

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personal data
SURNAME Deiotaros
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Deiotaros Philorhomaios
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Galatia
DATE OF BIRTH 2nd century BC BC or 1st century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 40 BC Chr.