The thirteenth tribe
The Thirteenth Tribe ( English The Thirteenth Tribe ) is a non-fiction book by Arthur Koestler published in 1976, which deals with the popular science of the controversial thesis that Eastern Judaism comes from the Khazar people. In the early Middle Ages, this formed an empire in southern Russia and, at least in part, adopted the Jewish religion . Koestler refers to Abraham N. Poliak .
Although the thesis attracted public attention, it was rejected by established historians. More recent genetic research, which speaks against a significant proportion of Khazar ancestors among the Ashkenazim living today , contradicted the Israeli geneticist Eran Elhaik, who in a DNA analysis found a high degree of correspondence between the genome of the Ashkenazi Jews and the peoples of the Caucasus . Elhaik's work received support from the Israeli historian Shlomo Sand , who sees it as a confirmation of the theses in his book The Invention of the Jewish People .
Many anti-Zionists and also anti-Semites later referred to Koestler's work to dispute the legitimacy of the State of Israel . Koestler himself was well aware of the danger of abuse and wrote: “Whether the chromosomes of his people contain the genes of the Khazars or those of Semitic, Romance or Spanish origin is irrelevant and cannot affect Israel's right to exist - nor the moral obligation every civilized person, whether Gentile or Jew , to defend this right. "
expenditure
- The Thirteenth Tribe. The Khazar Empire and its Heritage. Hutchinson, London 1976, ISBN 0-09-125550-3
- The thirteenth tribe. The Khazar Empire and its legacy. Translated from English by Johannes Eidlitz. Molden, Vienna / Munich / Zurich 1977, ISBN 3-217-00790-5 ; Pawlak, Herrsching 1991, ISBN 3-88199-878-0 .
literature
- Not Abraham's sons? In: Der Spiegel . No. 26 , 1976 ( online review).
- Klaus Harpprecht : Not a chosen people? In: The time . No. 49/1977 (review)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Doron M. Behar, Ene Metspalu, Toomas Kivisild, Alessandro Achilli, Yarin Hadid, Shay Tzur, Luisa Pereira, Antonio Amorim, Lluís Quintana-Murci, Kari Majamaa, Corinna Herrnstadt, Neil Howell, Oleg Balanovsky, Ildus Kutuev, Andrey Pshenichnov, David Gurwitz, Batsheva Bonne-Tamir, Antonio Torroni, Richard Villems, Karl Skorecki: The Matrilineal Ancestry of Ashkenazi Jewry: Portrait of a Recent Founder Event. In: The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (3), 2006, pp. 487–497, familytreedna.com ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.03 MB)
- ^ Eran Elhaik: The Missing Link of Jewish European Ancestry: Contrasting the Rhineland and the Khazarian Hypotheses . In: Genome Biology and Evolution. Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2013, doi: 10.1093 / gbe / evs119 , pp. 61–74, oxfordjournals.org (PDF; 1.312 MB)
- ↑ Jürgen Langenbach: Déjà-vu: Where do the Ashkenazim come from? . In: The press . 17th January 2013
- ^ Rita Rubin: "Jews a Race" Genetic Theory Comes Under Fierce Attack by DNA Expert . In: The Jewish Daily Forward . May 7, 2013
- ↑ Danielle Venton: Highlight: Out of Khazaria - Evidence for “Jewish Genome” Lacking . In: Genome Biology and Evolution. Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2013, doi: 10.1093 / gbe / evs129 , pp. 75-76
- ^ Steven Plaut: The Khazar Myth and the New Anti-Semitism . ( Memento of April 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: The Jewish Press. May 9, 2007
- ^ Anne-Catherine Simon: Khazar Empire: The Jewish Atlantis . In: The press . May 23, 2007
- ↑ Koestler 1976: in full text in English on an undefined domain ( memento of the original from February 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
