Dezemvirn (Roman calendar)
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The term Decemvirs ( Latin Decemviri : Ten men ) called a council of ten men (→ Decemviri ) of the Roman Empire has been appointed for a specific administrative purpose. Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus and Lucius Cassius Hemina report regarding the for the in the year 450 BC. Chr. In Rome for the Twelve Tables law commissioned Decemvirs that the second committee a Interkalationsgesetz should have decided. Even if there are strong doubts about the historicity and it is suspected that it is a matter of an interpretation of the content of the Twelve Tables Laws and of the Fasti in order to give a certain clan more prestige, the consistent statement of Cicero , who is convincing, is noticeable was that the Fasti had been published in the course of the Twelve Tables Laws.
Cicero's mentions also show that his beliefs should not be taken literally, as there are no explicit statements about the system used in the Roman calendar . It may also be a linguistic inaccuracy that has been handed down, since "fasti" on the one hand means a calendar with day characters and on the other hand is also used as a general term for the term "calendar".
There is a further possibility that the name "fasti" was related to a new calendar grid. A few centuries later, Ovid was even supposed to "approve" the decision to "approve" the months of Januarius and Febarius in the correct order. Although the historical statements remain unclear in detail, all mentions show the commonality that with the Twelve Tables Law and the associated Decemvirn an incision was made in the previous calendar system, which was remembered as a decisive change in the tradition , although it may only be was one of numerous calendar changes.
Four-year lunisolar period
The newly established lunisolar tetraeteris stipulated that in the second year of the four-year period 22 days and in the fourth year 23 days should be installed as a leap month . This resulted in the respective year lengths of 355, 377, 355 and 378 days. The additional leap months were connected with February and placed between the festivals of Terminalia (February 23) and the Regifugium (February 24).
In practice this meant that the normal month of February was broken off after the Terminalia festival and that the respective leap months of 22 or 23 days began immediately afterwards. The leap months were immediately followed by the festivities of the Regifugium and the remaining days of February, which is why the leap months actually lasted 27 or 28 days. The Romans of the classical period only used the year counting ab urbe condita retrospectively from the year 400 onwards. It was introduced by the historian Orosius for systematic recording. The four-year period was distributed accordingly over the following "ab urbe condita annual payment endings":
- First year, without switching: 01, 05, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93 and 97.
- Second year, 22-day insertion: 02, 06, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94 and 98.
- Third year, without switching: 03, 07, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 47, 51, 55, 59, 63, 67, 71, 75, 79, 83, 87, 91 , 95 and 99.
- Fourth year, 23-day insertion: 04, 08, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96 and 00.
See also
literature
- Jörg Rüpke : Calendar and Public: The History of Representation and Religious Qualification of Time in Rome . de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-014514-6