Diamine oxidase

Diamine oxidase
	Diamine oxidase dimer, human
	Available structural data : 3HI7 , 3HIG , 3HII , 3K5T , 3MPH
Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure	732 amino acids
Cofactor	Cu 2+ , 2 Ca 2+
Isoforms	DAO1, DAO2
Identifier
Gene names	ABP1 ; DAO
External IDs	OMIM : 104610 ; UniProt : P19801 ; CAS number : 9001-53-0;
Enzyme classification
EC, category	1.4.3.6 , oxidoreductase
Substrate	RCH 2 NH 2 + H 2 O + O 2
Products	RCHO + NH 3 + H 2 O 2
Occurrence
Homology family	1.4.3.6
Parent taxon	Creature
	Orthologue

Diamine oxidase (DAO, histaminase) is a copper-containing enzyme that can break down histamine , putrescin and other biogenic amines . The enzyme is produced by all chordates . In humans, it is produced in the intestines , kidneys and placenta .

A lack of DAO is said to lead to so-called histamine intolerance . Controlled individual studies and a comprehensive meta-analysis from 2003 could show that healthy people are not affected by biogenic amines such as histamine in food.

A preparation with the ingredient diamine oxidase obtained from pig kidney extract is offered in capsule form, with the intended purpose "for the dietary treatment of histamine-related food intolerance " ( histamine intolerance ), but no DAO activity was found in it in scientific tests.

Diamine oxidase in pregnancy

DAO production increases sharply during pregnancy. Even dangerously high concentrations of histamine are broken down in blood plasma samples from pregnant women within a few minutes. This is due to specialized cells in the placenta, so-called extravillous trophoblasts , which express the enzyme in large quantities and release it into the mother's bloodstream. It is believed that the DAO protects mother and child from excessive histamine in this way, as this can lead to pregnancy complications. Decreased DAO values in early pregnancy could be an indication of a trophoblast-associated pregnancy disorder such as B. the early onset preeclampsia .

Catalyzed reactions

${\ displaystyle \ mathrm {R {-} CH_ {2} {-} NH_ {2} + H_ {2} O + O_ {2} \ longrightarrow R {-} CHO + NH_ {3} + H_ {2} O_ {2}}}$

As an example, the oxidation of histamine:

+ H ₂ O + O ₂ + NH ₃ + H ₂ O ₂ ${\ displaystyle \ longrightarrow}$

Individual evidence

↑ UniProt entry
↑ J. Lüthy, C. Schlatter: Biogenic amines in foods. In: Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. Volume 177, No. 6, 1983, pp. 439-443. PMID 6364621
↑ G. Kanny et al .: Histamine content does not influence the tolerance of wine in normal subjects. In: Allerg Immunol (Paris). Volume 31, No. 2, 1999, pp. 45-48. PMID 10219426
↑ SC Jansen et al.: Intolerance to dietary biogenic amines: a review. In: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol . Volume 91, No. 3, 2003, pp. 233-240; quiz 241-242, 296. PMID 14533654
↑ L. Kettner, I. Seitl, L. Fischer: Evaluation of porcine diamine oxidase for the conversion of histamine in food ‐ relevant amounts . In: Journal of Food Science . tape 85 , no. 3 , February 23, 2020, doi : 10.1111 / 1750-3841.15069 .
↑ ^a ^b P. Velicky, K. Windsperger, K. Petroczi, S. Pils, B. Reiter, T. Weiss, S. Vondra, R. Ristl, S. Dean, C. Fiala, DE Cantonwine, TF McElrath, B Jilma, M. Knöfler, T. Boehm, J. Pollheimer: Pregnancy-associated diamine oxidase originates from extravillous trophoblasts and is decreased in early-onset preeclampsia . In: Scientific Reports . tape 8 , no. 1 , April 20, 2018, doi : 10.1038 / s41598-018-24652-0 .
↑ Laura Maintz, Verena Schwarzer, Thomas Bieber, Katrin van der Ven, Natalija Novak: Effects of histamine and diamine oxidase activities on pregnancy: a critical review . In: Human Reproduction Update . tape 14 , no. 5 , September 1, 2008, p. 485–495 , doi : 10.1093 / humupd / dmn014 ( oup.com [accessed April 27, 2018]).

[1] UniProt entry

[2] J. Lüthy, C. Schlatter: Biogenic amines in foods. In: Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. Volume 177, No. 6, 1983, pp. 439-443. PMID 6364621

[3] G. Kanny et al .: Histamine content does not influence the tolerance of wine in normal subjects. In: Allerg Immunol (Paris). Volume 31, No. 2, 1999, pp. 45-48. PMID 10219426

[4] SC Jansen et al.: Intolerance to dietary biogenic amines: a review. In: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol . Volume 91, No. 3, 2003, pp. 233-240; quiz 241-242, 296. PMID 14533654

[5] L. Kettner, I. Seitl, L. Fischer: Evaluation of porcine diamine oxidase for the conversion of histamine in food ‐ relevant amounts . In: Journal of Food Science . tape 85 , no. 3 , February 23, 2020, doi : 10.1111 / 1750-3841.15069 .

[:0-6] P. Velicky, K. Windsperger, K. Petroczi, S. Pils, B. Reiter, T. Weiss, S. Vondra, R. Ristl, S. Dean, C. Fiala, DE Cantonwine, TF McElrath, B Jilma, M. Knöfler, T. Boehm, J. Pollheimer: Pregnancy-associated diamine oxidase originates from extravillous trophoblasts and is decreased in early-onset preeclampsia . In: Scientific Reports . tape 8 , no. 1 , April 20, 2018, doi : 10.1038 / s41598-018-24652-0 .

[7] Laura Maintz, Verena Schwarzer, Thomas Bieber, Katrin van der Ven, Natalija Novak: Effects of histamine and diamine oxidase activities on pregnancy: a critical review . In: Human Reproduction Update . tape 14 , no. 5 , September 1, 2008, p. 485–495 , doi : 10.1093 / humupd / dmn014 ( oup.com [accessed April 27, 2018]).