Diaskari

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South-east side of Diaskari beach

Diaskari ( Greek Διασκάρι ) refers to an archaeological site in the municipality of Ierapetra on the south coast of the Greek island of Crete . It is located east of the Diaskari beach of the same name on the Vigla hill . The surface finds testify to a settlement activity that goes back at least to the new palace period of the Minoan culture .

Location and history

The beach Diaskari ( Παραλία Διασκάρι ) is located on the Bay of Makrygialos ( Όρμος Μακρυγιαλού ) of the Libyan Sea and belongs to the local community Pefki ( Πεύκοι ) of the municipality of Ierapetra ( Ιεράπετρα ). The place Pefki is 4.5 kilometers north. Makrygialos ( Μακρυγιαλός ), which is dominated by tourism on the south coast, is 1.7 kilometers to the west. The hill Vigla ( Βίγλα ), on which the archaeological site was located, separates Diaskari from the beach Langada ( Παραλία Λαγκάδα ) with the mouth of the Andromylos river ( Ανδρόμυλος Ποταμός ) in the southeast. The name Vigla is borrowed from the Latin Vigilia and means “ guard ”. The hill between Diaskari and Langada should not be confused with the 471 meter high mountain Vigla above Makrygialos.

Structures on the Vigla hill

At the beginning of the 1970s, the Greek archaeologist Costis Davaras discovered the remains of an extensive settlement during a ground inspection and mapping of the area around Makrygialos about 300 meters east of the Diaskari beach , which he initially assigned to the late Minoan phase SM III. In 1972, a total of eleven exploratory excavations , each 5 × 5 meters in size , were carried out on the properties of E. Karantinos and P. Kopanaki , which revealed building structures whose flooring was paved and walls were bricked, as demonstrated by the discovery of broken bricks. The prehistoric settlement, the size and importance of which, according to its discoverer, was almost equal to that of Gournia , occupied the entire hill of Vigla . Davaras concentrated his systematic excavations in 1973 and 1977 on the "Minoan Villa" of Makrygialos , the location of which is 2.8 kilometers west of the remains of the settlement near Diaskari and which probably existed exclusively in the late Minoan phase SM I B.

Covered area on the eastern edge of Vigla towards Langada

After cleaning and appraising the ceramic finds from Diaskari and other finds that were made during the construction of hotels, as well as a site survey by the archaeologists Metaxia Tsipopoulou , Donald Haggis and the petrologist Peter Day , Davaras came to the conclusion that the settlement on the Vigla was already there in the late Minoan phase SM I existed, if not earlier. Ceramic fragments show elements of the floral and marine styles of Minoan art of the Neupalastzeit. Paul Faure suspected the ancient Syrinthos (Σύρινθος), a polis that is mentioned by Stephanos of Byzantium , in the region of Makrygialos . Davaras concluded that the clearly pre-Hellenic name was probably the Minoan name of the area. Occasionally the toponym Syrinthos has been characterized as pelasgic . The location of the ancient Stalai (Στῆλαι) is also associated with Makrygialos.

Karavospilios ('Ship's Cave')

Data on the neo-palace settlement patterns suggest that Makrygialos-Diaskari, alongside Petras and Zakros , was the center of a third economic and political entity in eastern Crete, a view formulated in 1997 by Metaxia Tsipopoulou and Anastasia Papacostopoulou . The relationship between these centers and with the great palaces of central Crete remains unclear. Costis Davaras, according to Philip P. Betancourt and Nanno Marinatos , described the connection of the "Minoan villa" of Makrygialos to the settlement of Diaskari as that of a "manorial villa" to a port settlement, from whose double port at Diaskari and Langada the fishing and trade with agricultural products to the east were cultivated. The extent to which the name Diaskari goes back to the name Dioskourion (Διοσκουρίων) for the harbor settlement, after an existing temple of the Dioscurs with their special relationship to seafaring , belongs to the area of ​​speculation. It is also uncertain whether the Karavospilios cave (Καραβόσπηλιος, ship's cave ) on the sea shore below the Vigla actually had a shipyard, to which its name refers, in the cave of Karavospilios (Καραβόσπηλιος, ship cave ) before the tectonic subsidence of Eastern Crete in antiquity .

In 2009 Krzystof Nowicki described a Minoan site on the rock ridge above the coastal plain between Diaskari and Kalo Nero east of Makrygialos. It lies at a height of about 150 meters and was surrounded by a now heavily eroded wall made of medium-sized stones. Most of the ceramic fragments found in an area of ​​16 × 8 meters date from the Middle Minoan Period, presumably Phase MM II, while a few other finds indicate a brief occupation in EN II of the End Neolithic or the Early Minoan Phase FM I.

literature

  • Costis Davaras: Ἡ ἀρχαιολογιϰή ϰίνηση στὴν ἀνατολιϰή Κρήτη ϰατά τὸ 1972 . In: Αμάλθεια . tape 5 . Agios Nikolaos 1974, p. 52-53 (Greek).
  • Costis Davaras: Ἀρχαιότητες ϰαὶ μνημεῖα ἀνατολιϰῆς Κρήτης . In: Archaiologikon deltion . tape 28 (1973) . Hypourgeio Politismou, 1977, ISSN  0570-622X , Διασκάρι Σητείας, p. 591 (Greek).
  • Costis Davaras: The “Cult Villa” at Makrygialos . In: Robin Hägg (Ed.): The Function of the “Minoan Villa” . Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 6-8 June 1992. Svenska Institutet i Athens, 1997, ISSN  0586-0539 , pp. 118–120 (English, digitized version [accessed January 8, 2019]).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alexandros Roniotis: Παραλία Διασκάρι. Cretan Beaches, 2019 (Greek).;
  2. ↑ a b c d e Costis Davaras: The “Cult Villa” at Makrygialos . In: Robin Hägg (Ed.): The Function of the “Minoan Villa” . Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 6-8 June 1992. Svenska Institutet i Athens, 1997, ISSN  0586-0539 , pp. 118 (English, digitized version [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  3. ↑ Costis Davaras: Ἀρχαιότητες ϰαὶ μνημεῖα ἀνατολιϰῆς Κρήτης . In: Archaiologikon deltion . tape 28 (1973) . Hypourgeio Politismou, 1977, ISSN  0570-622X , Διασκάρι Σητείας, p. 591 (Greek).
  4. ↑ Makriyialos. Minoan Crete, May 20, 2016, accessed January 8, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Konstantinos Christakis: Minoan pithoi and their significance for the household subsistance economy of neopalatial Crete . University of Bristol, Bristol 1999, The Diaskari region [East Crete - east part, south], p. 197–198 (English, online [PDF; 21.6 MB ; accessed on January 8, 2019]).
  6. ^ Costis Davaras: The “Cult Villa” at Makrygialos . In: Robin Hägg (Ed.): The Function of the “Minoan Villa” . Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 6-8 June 1992. Svenska Institutet i Athens, 1997, ISSN  0586-0539 , pp. 120, Fig. 3 and 4 (English, digitized version [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  7. ↑ Paul Faure : 3. Driessen (Jan), Schoep (Ilse), Laffineur (Robert) éd., Monuments of Minos, Rethinking the Minoan Palaces, AEGAEUM 23 . In: Jacques Jouanna, Olivier Picard (ed.): Revue des Études Grecques . tape 117 . Association pour l'encouragement des études grecques en France, 2004, ISSN  0035-2039 , p. 769 (French, online [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  8. ↑ Stephanos of Byzantium: Ethnica. § S593.11 Syrinthos. ToposText, accessed January 8, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Vladimir Ivanov Georgiev : The Earliest Ethnological Situation of the Balkan Peninsula as Evidenced by Linguistic and Onomastic Data . In: Henrik Birnbaum, Speros Vryonis (Ed.): Aspects of the Balkans: Continuity and Change: Contributions to the International Balkan Conference held at UCLA, October 23-28, 1969 (=  Slavistic Printings and Reprintings . Volume 270 ). Mouton, The Hague 1972, ISBN 978-90-279-2172-7 , pp. 52–53 ( online [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  10. ↑ Paula Perlman: Πόλις Ὑπήϰοος. The Dependent Polis and Crete . In: Mogens Herman Hansen (Ed.): Introduction to an Inventory of 'Poleis': Symposium August, 23-26 1995 . Acts of the Copenhagen Polis Center. tape 3 . Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen 1996, ISBN 87-7304-275-7 , p. 257 (English, online [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  11. ^ Elisabeth Mlinar: Migration on Crete in Classical and Hellenistic times . In: Πεπραγμένα του ΙΒ ' Διεθνούς Κρητολογικού Συνεδρίου . IMK, Heraklion 2017, ISBN 978-960-9480-35-2 , pp. 5 (English, digitized version [PDF; 1.3 MB ; accessed on January 8, 2019]).
  12. ^ A b Metaxia Tsipopoulou: Palace-Centered Polities in Eastern Crete: Neopalatial Petras and its Neighbors . In: Walter Emanuel Aufrecht, Neil Arnold Mirau, Steven W. Gauley (eds.): Urbanism in Antiquity: From Mesopotamia to Crete (=  Journal of the Study of the Old Testament . Supplement Series 244). Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield 1997, ISBN 1-85075-666-X , pp. 275 (English, online [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  13. ↑ Metaxia Tsipopoulou, Anastasia Papacostopoulou: "Villas" and Villages in the hinterland of Petras, Siteia . In: Robin Hägg (Ed.): The Function of the “Minoan Villa” . Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 6-8 June 1992. Paul Åström, Stockholm 1997, ISBN 978-91-7916-034-0 , pp. 205–206 (English, online [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  14. ↑ Quentin Letesson: Du Phénotype au génotype: Analysis de la syntaxe spatiale en architecture minoenne (MMIIIB – MRIB) . Presses universitaires de Louvain, Leuven 2009, ISBN 978-2-87463-181-8 , Makryghialos, p. 217 (French, online [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  15. ↑ Ingeborg Witzmann: Bronze Age fixed altars on Crete . Thesis. University of Vienna, Vienna 2009, The altar in the "cult villa" of Makrygialos, p. 125 ( digital version [PDF; 28.2 MB ; accessed on January 8, 2019]).
  16. ^ Costis Davaras: The “Cult Villa” at Makrygialos . In: Robin Hägg (Ed.): The Function of the “Minoan Villa” . Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 6-8 June 1992. Svenska Institutet i Athens, 1997, ISSN  0586-0539 , pp. 119 (English, digitized version [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  17. ↑ Διασκάρι. Pefki Village, 2018 (Greek).;
  18. ↑ Παραλίες: Διασκάρι. Aspros Potamos, 2016 (Greek).;
  19. ↑ Diaskari. Pefki Village, 2018 (English).;
  20. ^ Krzystof Nowicki: Report on Investigations in Greece. XII. Studies in 2004-2010 . In: Archeologia Classica . tape 60 . L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2009, ISSN  0391-8165 , Middle Minoan II and Late Minoan IB – II Defensive / Refuge Sites, p. 75–76 (English, online [accessed January 8, 2019]).

Web links

Commons : Vigla (Diaskari)  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Diaskari - Vigla. In: Digital Crete: Archaeological Atlas of Crete. Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute for Mediterranean Studies(English).;

Coordinates: 35 ° 1 ′ 57.6 ″  N , 25 ° 59 ′ 50.3 ″  E