Didactica magna
The Didactica magna or Great teaching was by Johann Amos Comenius interlocutory 1627 and 1638 written and in 1657 published the first time.
Brief description
The Great Didactic is commonly referred to as the first great work of education referred to at all. Its author, Johann Amos Comenius, described his work as "didactics of life", the aim of which is "to teach everyone everything in their entirety " or "to teach everyone everything with regard to the whole" ( Latin omnes omnia omnino excoli ). The background to this high standard is, in the contemporary view, that only an educated person should be looked for at all . Comenius thus represented an approach of optimistic anthropology , which sees something good in every person and generally considers this to be expandable (educational). At the same time, Didactica magna should serve as a guideline in order to achieve a high level of learning among the students in a pleasant learning atmosphere.
Requirements for teachers and students
In Didactica Magna, Comenius expressly advocated teaching children of both sexes and all classes, briefly, pleasantly and thoroughly. If possible, teachers should teach less, but students should learn more at the same time.
In the Didactica Magna , Comenius formulates the areas in which children need instruction. These are:
- scientific education (eruditio)
- good manners (mores)
- Piety / religiosity (religio)
At the same time the Didactica magna serves to instruct the teachers. These should be given to students
- show things in the nature of the thing itself,
- Use comparative examples to verify your theses,
- develop a (temporal) curriculum (from easy to difficult, from general to specific) and
- show the students the way "on which everything can be reached easily and safely."
Chapter overview
The Didactica magna is divided into 33 chapters. These deal with the following priorities:
- 1–6: Human goal in life
- 7–29: School / lessons (mother school and elementary school)
- 30–31: Latin school / college
- 32: General school regulations
- 33: Practical introduction to the universal method
Reception history
Since the publication of Didactica magna , a distinction can be made between a broad and a narrow definition of the term “ didactics ” in pedagogy . The broad definition describes didactics as the theory of teaching and learning in all possible situations and contexts. She sees the narrow definition as the theory of teaching and learning in institutionalized contexts (especially school). This fundamental distinction is still seen today as the beginning of the differentiation between school pedagogy and general pedagogy .
Furthermore, the contents of Didactica Magna are still considered to be an important basis for real-life teaching, mother tongue education, general compulsory schooling and teaching methodology.
The educators who refer to Didactica Magna in their works include Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi , Hermann Lietz , Celestin Freinet , Paul Heimann , Hans Aebli and Wolfgang Klafki .
source
- Johann Amos Comenius : Great Didactics: The complete art of teaching everyone everything . Ed .: Andreas Flitner. 10th edition. Klett-Cotta, 2008 (original 1657).
- Johann Amos Comenius : Great teaching . Ed .: Karl Richter. Julius Klönne, Berlin 1871 ( limited preview in the Google book search).