The last
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| Title: | The last |
| Original title: | Последние |
| Genus: | play |
| Original language: | Russian |
| Author: | Maxim Gorky |
| Publishing year: | 1907 |
| Premiere: | September 6, 1910 |
| Place of premiere: | German Theater Berlin |
| Place and time of the action: | Jakow Kolomijzew's apartment, around 1907 |
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The Last (Gorki) ( Russian Последние , Poslednije ) is a play by the Russian writer and playwright Maxim Gorky . It was created on Capri in 1907 . The book edition was published simultaneously in Russia and Berlin. Russian censorship banned the play from being performed. It could only be shown in private. The official world premiere took place on September 6, 1910 at the Deutsches Theater Berlin , directed by Max Reinhardt .
action
The play takes place in pre-revolutionary Russia . At first sight it is a classic family drama in a realistic tradition; In the background, however, the signs of the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 can be felt. Using the Kolomijzew family, Gorky shows the corrosion of a society that has lost all values and norms of togetherness.
The head of the family, Ivan Kolomijzew, is the police chief. Two young prisoners died in his command area as a result of brutal treatment; Ivan was then suspended from duty. The rigorous methods with which Iwan exercises his office are also practiced within the family. He has quartered himself with his wife Sofja and their five children with his brother Jakow and financially shamelessly takes him out. Jakow is sick and cannot do anything to counter the attacks. Ivan hopes for Jakov's early death in order to gain possession of the house. Sofja, who suffers from her husband, once had a relationship with Yakov, but was not brave enough to leave Ivan. Lyubov is probably the daughter of Yakov. She is crippled and sees through the conditions in the house most acutely. She consciously decides to recognize Yakov as her father and rigorously break away from Ivan.
The social climate is characterized by the increasing aggressiveness of those forces who no longer want to accept the conditions in Tsarist Russia. Revolutionary ideas are spreading especially among the students. These processes play into the family history: Ivan is from an alleged terrorist was shot, who now for months in pre-trial detention is seated. His mother asks for an interview with Sofja to convince her of the innocence of her son. But Sofja has long since realized how corrupt , cynical and authoritarian her husband is and that every means is right for him to have the young man - whether guilty or not - convicted. She realizes that she has made herself an accomplice in Ivan's machinations in silence for too long.
The children of Ivan and Sofja (they are the eponymous "last") in these circumstances, which neither convey values nor support them, only have the choice of either becoming as cynical and corrupt as their father or rigorously freeing themselves from his clutches . The eldest daughter, Nadezhda, is refined and morally completely unscrupulous. Together with her husband, the doctor Leschtsch, she works to bring Yakov's house into her possession. Alexander is unstable and an image of his father. Leschch buys him a job in the police service. The younger siblings Pyotr and Vera are still longing for ideals. But in the end they fail to break out of the swamp. Pyotr begins to drink. Vera makes a romantic attempt to escape with the policeman Yakorev, who rapes her. Afterwards she is completely disaffected and agrees to an arranged marriage , for which her father lets the future husband pay him. Sofja admits her failure as a mother, while Ivan remains completely untouched by any insight. Jakow, whose health was systematically weakened by Leschtsch, dies unnoticed. Ivan gives a sentimental, self-righteous speech to his corpse.
Issues in German (selection)
- Translation by Andrea Clemen. Publishing house of the authors (stage manuscript)
- Translation by Ulrike Zemme . Rowohlt Theaterverlag (stage manuscript)
- Translation by Kurt Seeger. Steyer-Verlag (stage manuscript)
- Translation by Günter Jäniche. henschel SCHAUSPIEL (stage manuscript)
- Translation by Werner Buhss. henschel SCHAUSPIEL (stage manuscript)
Productions (selection)
- 1990 Schauspielhaus Bochum , director: Andrea Breth
- 2013 Schauspiel Köln , director: Sebastian Nübling
- 2013 Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden , director: Markus Dietz
Literature (selection)
- Geir Kjetsaa: Maxim Gorky. A biography . Claassen, Hildesheim 1996 ISBN 3-546-00109-5
- Henri Troyat: Gorky. Petrel of the Revolution. A biography . Piper, Munich 1987 (= Piper 978 series) ISBN 3-492-10978-0
- Nikolaus Katzer: Maksim Gorky's path to Russian social democracy . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1990 (= publications of the Eastern European Institute Munich, History series, 58) ISBN 3-447-02962-5
Individual evidence
- ^ Harenberg actor leader. Harenberg Dortmund 1997, p. 395f.
- ^ Report at zeit.de
- ↑ http://www.nachtkritik.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8193:die-letzt-sebastian-nuebling-inszeniert-maxim-gorki-am-schauspiel-koeln&catid=38:die-nachtkritik&Itemid=40
- ↑ http://www.staatstheater-wiesbaden.de/?page=spielplan_detail&eventDateId=11568524&language=de_DE
- ↑ http://www.nachtkritik.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8564:die-letzt-markus-dietz-inszeniert-maxim-gorki-in-wiesbaden&catid=38:die-nachtkritik&Itemid=40