Diplomonadida

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Diplomonadida
Trepomonas steini

Trepomonas steini

Systematics
Classification : Creature
Domain : Eukaryotes (eukaryota)
without rank: Excavata
without rank: Fornicata
without rank: Diplomonadida
Scientific name
Diplomonadida
Wenyon , 1926, emend. Brugerolle et al., 1975

The Diplomonadida or Diplomonads are a group of protists belonging to the Excavata . Its best-known representative is Giardia intestinalis , which causes Giardiasis , a severe diarrheal disease , in humans and other mammals .

features

Diplomonadida each have two kinetides and two cell nuclei , each kinetide in turn has four (occasionally two or three) kinetosomes and flagella , rarely is a kinetide with a nucleus. In each Kinetid one of the flagella points backwards, where it works towards the cytopharyngeal apparatus, which is either a groove or a tube. The cytopharyngeal apparatus and nucleus are supported by a variety of non-microtubular fibers.

Way of life

The species can be found free- living anaerobically in fresh water, as commensals in the intestines of animals ( Hexamita, Trepomonas ) or as parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates ( Giardia, Octomitus, Spironucleus ). Pathogenic forms cause blood diarrhea in their hosts.

Systematics

The Diplomonadida are divided into two subgroups, the Hexamitinae and the Giardiinae. The Enteromonadida , long regarded as the original group within the Diplomonadida, are now incorporated into the Hexamitinae.

supporting documents

  • Klaus Hausmann, Norbert Hülsmann, Renate Radek: Protistology , 3rd edition, Schweizerbart, 2003, p. 47, ISBN 3-510-65208-8

proof

Footnotes directly behind a statement cover the individual statement, footnotes directly behind a punctuation mark the entire preceding sentence. Footnotes after a space refer to the entire preceding paragraph.

  1. ↑ a b Adl, SM, Simpson, AGB, Lane, CE, Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, SS, Brown, MW, Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., le Gall, L., Lynn, DH, McManus, H., Mitchell, EAD, Mozley-Stanridge, SE, Parfrey, LW, Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S. ., Shadwick, L., Schoch, CL, Smirnov, A. and Spiegel, FW: The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology , 59: 429-514, 2012, PDF Online
  2. ↑ Heinz Mehlhorn (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Parasitology , 3rd edition, Vol. 2, p. 351, ISBN 978-3-540-48994-8
  3. ↑ Sina M. Adl, Alastair GB Simpson, Mark A. Farmer, Robert A. Andersen, O. Roger Anderson, John A. Barta, Samual S. Bowser, Guy Brugerolle, Robert A. Fensome, Suzanne Fredericq, Timothy Y. James , Sergei Karpov, Paul Kugrens, John Krug, Christopher E. Lane, Louise A. Lewis, Jean Lodge, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Richard M. McCourt, Leonel Mendoza, Øjvind Moestrup, Sharon E. Mozley-Standridge , Thomas A. Nerad, Carol A. Shearer, Alexey V. Smirnov, Frederick W. Spiegel, Max FJR Taylor: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52 (5), 2005; Page 440