Fornicata
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| Simpson , 2003 |
The Fornicata are a group of protists belonging to the Excavata .
features
Actual mitochondria were probably present in predecessors, but missing in recent species, in Giardia intestinalis a small mitosome could be detected. The cells either have only one nucleus and one kinetide or one pair each. The kinetids each have two to four kinetosomes and are each connected to a cytostome or a cytopharynx .
A B-fiber bent laterally over the flagellum apparatus is regarded as a diagnostic feature, although this was lost again in evolutionary terms in a large number of species. The group therefore has no common morphological features and is only defined by DNA sequences.
Way of life
All species of the genus are heterotrophic and live either anaerobically or with a very low oxygen content ( microaerophilic ).
Systematics
The group was set up in 2003 by Alastair GB Simpson , the name refers to the diagnostic feature of the curved B-fiber ( fornix = Latin for "arch"). In 2007, the species Dysnectes brevis was newly described as the most basal taxon of the Fornicata and initially understood as incertae sedis . Since a few new descriptions from 2010 onwards, a new classification has emerged in which the eopharyngia, which had been postulated as the most comprehensive group up until then, are omitted and two subgroups are placed next to a new, third group around Carpediemonas and Dysnectes :
- Diplomonadida Wenyon, 1926, emend. Brugerolle et al., 1975
- Retortamonadida Grassé, 1952
- ' Carpediemonas-like organisms ' Kolisko et al. 2010
proof
Footnotes directly behind a statement cover the individual statement, footnotes directly behind a punctuation mark the entire preceding sentence. Footnotes after a space refer to the entire preceding paragraph.
- ↑ a b Ivan Cepicka: fornicata , In: The Tree of Life Web Project , Version 02 September 2008 (under construction), Online
- ↑ a b c Sina M. Adl, Alastair GB Simpson, Mark A. Farmer, Robert A. Andersen, O. Roger Anderson, John A. Barta, Samual S. Bowser, Guy Brugerolle, Robert A. Fensome, Suzanne Fredericq, Timothy Y. James, Sergei Karpov, Paul Kugrens, John Krug, Christopher E. Lane, Louise A. Lewis, Jean Lodge, Denis H. Lynn, David G. Mann, Richard M. McCourt, Leonel Mendoza, Øjvind Moestrup, Sharon E. Mozley-Standridge, Thomas A. Nerad, Carol A. Shearer, Alexey V. Smirnov, Frederick W. Spiegel, Max FJR Taylor: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52 (5), 2005; Pages 439-440
- ^ Alastair GB Simpson: Cytoskeletal organization, phylogenetic affinities and systematics in the contentious taxon Excavata (Eukaryota) in: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2003), 53, 1759-1777
- ↑ N. Yubuki, Y. Inagaki, T. Nakayama, I. Inouye: Ultrastructure and ribosomal RNA phylogeny of the free-living heterotrophic flagellate Dysnectes brevis n. Gen., N. Sp., A new member of the Fornicata. In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 54: 191-200, 2007
- ↑ Adl, SM, Simpson, AGB, Lane, CE, Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, SS, Brown, MW, Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A. , Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., le Gall, L., Lynn, DH, McManus, H., Mitchell, EAD, Mozley-Stanridge, SE, Parfrey, LW, Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, CL, Smirnov, A. and Spiegel, FW: The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology , 59: 429-514, 2012, PDF Online