Dipping

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Dipping is a pattern in the 24-hour course of human blood pressure values that shows a drop in blood pressure of at least 10% during the night. A lack of dipping ( non-dipping ) is correlated with health risks in people with high blood pressure .

term

With the availability of 24-hour long-term blood pressure measurements, patterns in the course of blood pressure values ​​can be easily recognized and analyzed. As a rule, a pattern follows the course of the day, which is characterized by a 10–20% drop in blood pressure from daytime to nighttime. That waste is dipping. People who show dipping are known as dippers . People without a noticeable drop in blood pressure at night are "non-dippers". Classifications as non-dippers are based on a drop in systolic, diastolic or both blood pressure readings.

Possible causes of non-dipping

A systematic review study in 2007 found a number of factors that are associated with non-dipping. These include a. advanced age , African-American ethnicity , female gender , post menopause , sodium sensitivity, sleep apnea , anger , hostility , depression, and stress .

Health risks with non-dipping

Another review article also found in 2007 that there are reasons to believe that non-dipping is associated with health risks in people with essential high blood pressure . In particular, the risk of some (heart) diseases and mortality is increased ( cardiac and extracardiac morbidity and mortality ). Non-Dippers with essential hypertension tend u. a. to left ventricular hypertrophy , a thickened wall of the carotid artery , for forming arteriosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery to unnoticed cerebral infarction , stroke , cognitive disorders and microalbuminuria .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b F. S. Routledge, JA McFetridge-Durdle, CR Dean: Night-time blood pressure patterns and target organ damage: a review. In: The Canadian journal of cardiology. Volume 23, Number 2, February 2007, pp. 132-138, PMID 17311119 , PMC 2650649 (free full text) (review).
  2. ↑ F. Routledge, J. McFetridge-Durdle: Nondipping blood pressure patterns among worth individuals with essential hypertension: a review of the literature. In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing Volume 6, Number 1, March 2007, pp. 9-26, doi : 10.1016 / j.ejcnurse.2006.05.001 , PMID 16843730 (Review).