Diversisporales

Diversisporales
Gigaspora margarita : The round brown spores are clearly visible
Systematics
without rank: Opisthokonta without rank: Nucletmycea Empire : Mushrooms (fungi) Department : Glomeromycota Class : Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycetes) Order : Diversisporales
Scientific name
Diversisporales
C. Walker & Schuessler

The Diversisporales are an order of fungi that form a symbiosis ( mycorrhiza ) with a large number of plants.

features

The fungi usually form unseptated hyphae in the soil and in the plant roots . They form arbuscular mycorrhiza with or without the formation of vesicles and with or without the formation of hypogean auxiliary cells. The asexual reproduction is made by spores . These can either have a complex structure with a spore- bearing sacculus , then they are called acaulosporoid spores, or complex spores are formed that develop from a bulbous base on the spore- bearing hypha ( gigasporoid spores), or they form round glomoid spores. They differ genetically from other orders of Glomeromycota : They have the SSU - rRNA gene sequences GGGTTTH and TYACCGGRAGGTRT, which correspond to the homologous positions 254 and 1495 of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SSU rRNA sequence J01353.

Ecology and way of life

The Diversisporales are almost always hypogean, i. H. growing in the soil, rarely also epigeous , i.e. on the soil surface. They always form a mycorrhizal symbiosis with a variety of plant species. They supply the plant with nutrients (above all phosphorus) and water and in turn receive part of the assimilates produced by photosynthesis and occur in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Typically, like most arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, they form so-called vesicles and arbuscules in the roots.

Systematics

Since the Diversisporales, like most arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, have only a few morphological features to distinguish them, many species were counted in addition to the genera Gigaspora and Acaulospora to the genus Glomus . Molecular biological methods have shown that the genus is polyphyletic. Walker and Schüßler described the order as early as 2001, but did not publish it validly until 2004. At the moment the order contains eight genera in five families:

• Gigasporaceae
  • Gigaspora
  • Scutellospora
  • Racocetra
• Acaulosporaceae
  • Acaulospora : including the former genus Kuklospora
• Entrophosporaceae
  • Entrophospora : unclear systematic position
• Pacisporaceae
  • Pacispora
• Diversisporaceae
  • Desertispora with the only species Desertispora omaniana , described in 2018.
  • Diversispora : former Glomus-C group, includes several species that used to belong to Glomus .
  • Otospora : unclear systematic position

swell

• Christopher Walker , Arthur Schüßler : Nomenclatural Clarifications and new Taxa in the Glomeromycota. In: Mycol. Res. 108, 2004, pp. 981-982. doi : 10.1017 / S0953756204231173
• AMF phylogeny, taxonomy, accessed April 25, 2018
• AMF phylogeny, species list, accessed April 25, 2018

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Sarah Symanczik, Mohamed N. Al-Yahya'ei, Anna Kozłowska, Przemysław Ryszka, Janusz Błaszkowski: A new genus, Desertispora , and a new species, Diversispora sabulosa in the family Diversisporaceae (order diversisporales, subphylum Glomeromycotina) . In: Mycological Progress . 17, Issue 4, pp, No. 4 , 2018, p. 437-449 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-017-1369-y .

Web links

Commons : Diversisporales  - collection of images, videos and audio files