Dmitri Petrovich Konovalov

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Dmitri Petrovich Konovalov

Dmitri Petrovich Konovalov , Russian Дмитрий Петрович Коновалов , (born March 22, 1856 in Ivanovka , Yekaterinoslav Governorate , later Dnipropetrovsk Oblast , Ukraine ; † January 6, 1929 in Leningrad ) was a Russian chemist ( physical chemist ).

Konovalov was the son of a landowner and studied from 1873 to 1878 at the Mining Institute in Saint Petersburg . He then studied chemistry at the University of Saint Petersburg with Alexander Michailowitsch Butlerow and Dmitri Iwanowitsch Mendeleev . The latter set him the task of finding out why no distillation of completely pure alcohol without water succeeds and he received his doctorate on this in 1881 in Strasbourg (on the vapor tensions of liquid mixtures). Back in Saint Petersburg he became an assistant in analytical chemistry, received his master's degree in 1882 and became a private lecturer in physical chemistry in 1884. In 1886 he became associate professor for analytical chemistry, in 1890 associate professor for inorganic chemistry and in 1893 full professor for chemistry. In the same year he made a trip to the USA and in 1894 published a report on the chemical industry in the USA (metals, petroleum, wood, chemical products). In 1903 he became director of the Mining Institute and from 1907 he headed the mining department in the Ministry of Trade and Industry. From 1908 to 1915 he was Deputy Minister for Trade and Industry. In 1915 he became a professor at the Technological Institute in Saint Petersburg and in 1918 at the Mining Institute in Yekaterinoslav . From 1922 to 1929 he was director of the Office for Weights and Measures in Leningrad and was also a professor at the Technological Institute.

He worked on vapor pressure curves of solutions of two liquids (including Konowalow's rules) with application to the distillation of solutions, on the thermodynamics of osmotic pressure and electrical conductivity in two-component liquids (with the discovery of solvo electrolytes). He dealt with solid catalysts (introduction of the concept of the active surface) and investigated the autocatytic decay of esters, where he discovered Ostwald-Konovalow's law of autocatalysis at the same time as Wilhelm Ostwald . In 1923 he developed a formula for the heat of combustion of organic compounds.

In 1923 he became a member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and the Soviet Academy of Sciences .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the article in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Volume 7, p. 461, and in Pötsch, Lexikon Important Chemiker, Harri Deutsch 1988. p. 246. In the Great Russian Encyclopedia, Iwanowka is replaced by Iwanowzy.
  2. ^ Russian edition Saint Petersburg 1884, 3rd edition 1928
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 136.
personal data
SURNAME Konovalov, Dmitri Petrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Коновалов, Дмитрий Петрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian chemist
DATE OF BIRTH March 22, 1856
PLACE OF BIRTH Ivanovka , Yekaterinoslav Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH January 6, 1929
Place of death St. Petersburg