Dougong
Dougong ( Chinese 斗拱 , Pinyin dǒugǒng ) is a unique structural element made of multi-part, interlocking woods. In simple designs on girders, they form simple consoles or, in repeated form, as elaborate cantilever beams . They are considered to be one of the most important elements in traditional Chinese architecture .
Dougong's use first appeared in buildings in the late centuries BC. BC and developed into a cantilever system that connected columns and beams to the roof frame. Dougong was widely used in ancient China during the spring and autumn periods (770–476 BC). The development reached its peak during the Tang and Song dynasties . Due to the precision and quality of the work, the parts can be assembled using traditional wood joints , without adhesives or metal fasteners. After the Song Dynasty, the structural elements had more of a decorative meaning when they were used in palatial structures and important religious buildings, so they can no longer be compared with the traditional "Dougong".
function
Dougong are fasteners that are essential for the wooden frame construction of a traditional Chinese building, as the walls in these structures are non-load-bearing ( curtain walls ) and are sometimes made of latticework , mud, or other delicate materials. The walls have the function of delimiting rooms instead of carrying loads.
Multiple interlocking bracket sets are formed by placing a large square block of wood ( dou ) on a supporting beam to create a solid base for the horizontally lying yoke beam ( gong ) that will support the beam or other gong above it. The function of "dougong" is to provide increased support for the weight of the horizontal beams that span the load-bearing elements (columns, beams) by transferring the weight of the horizontal beams to the columns over a larger area. This process can be repeated several times and run over several floors. By adding more such interlocking kits, or "dougong", the horizontal beams are less stressed in transferring their weight to a column. Several Dougong also allow such structures to be less rigid and thus better withstand the stresses of earthquakes.
During the Ming Dynasty , there was an innovation through the invention of new wooden components that helped Dougong carry the roof. This enabled Dougong to add a decorative element to buildings in the traditional Chinese integration of art and function. The kits became smaller and more numerous. The Dougong could be hung under eaves , which look like graceful flower baskets and at the same time support the roof.
The Bao'en Temple at Pingwu in Sichuan is a good example of the Ming style. It has 48 types and 2200 sets of Dougong to support and decorate it. It is a well-preserved 15th century monastery complex in northwest Sichuan Province, China. It was built by Wang Xi, a local ruler, between 1440 and 1446 during the reign of Emperor Yingzong (1427-1464) in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
The building system in Japan
The multi-part Kragarmsysteme be in Japan TOKYO called: dou hot there daito and gong are as hijiki referred. In Chinese as dou and gong, also known as dougong.
literature
- Liang Ssu Ch'eng: Chinese Architecture. A Pictorial History. Dover Publications, Mineola (New York) 2005, ISBN 0-486-43999-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 斗拱 . National Museum of Natural Science (Taiwan) 國立 自然科學 博物館. Retrieved January 12, 2008.
- ↑ Dougong Brackets (斗拱 Dougong) . China info. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved on August 29, 2007.
- ↑ Ancient Charm Remains Intact . Peoples Daily. March 25, 2001. Retrieved August 29, 2007.