Three anti and five anti movement

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A conference of the Five Anti-Movement in Shanghai (1952).

The three anti and five anti movements ( Chinese  三 反 五 反 运动 , Pinyin sānfǎn wǔfǎn yùndòng ) was a political movement that Mao Zedong initiated a few years after the founding of the People's Republic of China and was supposed to eliminate the “enemies of the state” chosen by him .

The movement lasted from the end of 1951 to October 1952. The stated goals were, among other things, the elimination of corruption , bribery and waste . The Chinese Communist Party called the campaign a success that "defeated the illegal behavior of the capitalists " and secured the leadership of the working class and the socialist economy .

However, the campaign soon evolved into a series of persecutions against businessmen , “capitalists” and political opponents of the Communist Party in cities. The campaigns had a negative impact on the economies of major cities such as Shanghai , Tianjin and Chongqing and destroyed almost the entire market economy in China.

In addition, numerous business people and their families committed suicide . In Shanghai alone, at least 876 people killed themselves between January 25 and April 1, 1952.

terminology

Three anti-movement
  • Corruption (贪污 / 貪污, tān wū)
  • Waste (浪费 / 浪費, làng fèi)
  • Bureaucracy (官僚主义 / 官僚主義, guān liáo zhǔ yì)
Five anti-movement
  • Bribery (行贿 / 行賄, xíng huì)
  • Theft of state property (盗 骗 国家财产 / 盜 騙 國家財產, dào piàn guó jiā cái chǎn)
  • Tax evasion (偷税 漏税 / 偷稅 漏稅, tōu shuì lòu shuì)
  • Government contract fraud (偷工减料 / 偷工減料, tōu gōng jiǎn liào)
  • Theft of government business information (盗窃 国家 经济 情报 / 盜竊 國家 經濟 情報, dàoqiè guójiā jīngjì qíngbào).

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b J. Glaubitz: Three-Anti- and Five-Anti-Movement . In: China: Society - Politics - State - Economy . VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 1976, ISBN 978-3-322-83767-7 , p. 67-68 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-322-83767-7_13 .
  2. ^ A b c d Wolfgang Franke, Brunhild Staiger: China: Society - Politics - State - Economy . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-322-83767-7 ( here in the Google book search [accessed on July 17, 2020]).
  3. ↑ a b c Stephanie Chung Stephanie CHUNG: Three and Five Antis Campaigns . In: Berkshire Encyclopedia of China . Berkshire Publishing Group, 2016, ISBN 978-0-9770159-4-8 , doi : 10.1093 / acref / 9780190622671.001.0001 / acref-9780190622671-e-655 ( oxfordreference.com [accessed July 17, 2020]).
  4. ↑ a b c 什么 是 “三 反” 、 “五 反” 运动? (What is the "Three Anti", "Five Anti-Movement"? Shenme shì sānfǎn wǔfǎn yùndòng). In: Renmin Wang . Retrieved July 17, 2020 (Chinese).
  5. ↑ a b c d e “三 反” 、 “五 反” 运动 (“Three Anti”, “Five Anti-Movement”). In: Renmin Wang . Retrieved July 17, 2020 .
  6. ↑ a b c Yang Kuisong (杨奎松): 三 反 五 反 ： 资产阶级 命运 的 终结. In: Phoenix New Media (凤凰网). September 28, 2012, accessed July 17, 2020 (Chinese).
  7. ^ Theodore Hsi-En Chen, Wen-Hui C. Chen: The 'Three-Anti' and 'Five-Anti' Movements in Communist China . In: Pacific Affairs . tape 26 , no. 1 , 1953, ISSN  0030-851X , p. 3-23 , doi : 10.2307 / 2752900 , JSTOR : 2752900 .
  8. ↑ a b Zhang Ming (张鸣): 执政 的 道德 困境 与 突围 之 道 —— “三 反 五 反” 运动 解析 (zhí zhèng de dào dé kùn jìng yù tū wéi zhī dào - sānfǎn wǔfǎn yùxndòng) ji. (PDF) In: Chinese University of Hong Kong . Retrieved July 17, 2020 (Chinese).
  9. ↑ a b Liu Yongfeng (刘永峰): 那一年 ， 中国 商贾 千人 跳楼 全家 共赴 黄泉 (nà yī nián, Zhōngguó shānggǔ qiānrén tiào lóu quánjiā gòngfù Huáng quán- That year, the suicide of thousands of business people whole families went in death). In: Sohu . July 26, 2013, accessed July 17, 2020 .