Three worlds doctrine

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The three worlds doctrine is an ontological position that assumes the existence of three worlds . These three worlds are the outside world (= physical world of material objects, e.g. mountains, cars, houses), the world of consciousness (e.g. thoughts, feelings, sensations) and the world of objective thought contents (e.g. mathematical theorems).

A tripartite division into logos , psyche and physis can already be found in classical Greek philosophy.

The three worlds theory of Gottlob Frege was formulated in 1918 in his work Der Gedanke :

“Thoughts are neither things of the outside world nor representations. A third empire must be recognized. "

Another representative is Karl Raimund Popper , with whose name the three worlds doctrine is particularly connected. Popper calls the third world "World 3". Similar to Charles S. Peirce , he assumes that the objective mental contents are products of human thought, but have an existence of their own after their creation. For him, consciousness is the mediating authority between the physical and the spiritual world.

For Roger Penrose , the platonic-mathematical world comes first; clearly ahead of the physical, which is only a subset. The relationships of the spiritual world to the “world of ideas” and “reality” are more complex, whereby for Penrose the quantum mechanical processes for the creation of consciousness and the theoretical possibility of the individual to recognize the “logos” are important.

Some social and legal philosophers such as Hermann Kantorowicz and Gustav Radbruch ( Triad (culture) ) also advocate a methodical “trialism” . The legal and cultural philosopher Axel Montenbruck developed following Karl Popper and the Trialism by Gustav Radbruch a "Popper's three worlds" with which it between the three worlds of (normative) Humanism , (empirical) naturalism and cultural pragmatism separates .

literature

  • Karl R. Popper: Objective Knowledge , (1972)
  • Karl R. Popper, John C. Eccles: The I and its Brain (1977)
  • Karl R. Popper: Three Worlds: The Tanner Lecture on Human Values ​​at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978 (PDF; 173 kB).
  • Karl R. Popper: The Open Universe (1982)
  • Karl R. Popper: Knowledge and the Body-Mind Problem (1994), German see Popper (2012)
  • Karl R. Popper: Collected Works , Volume 12, Knowledge and the Mind-Body Problem , Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck (2012). The book contains in a new translation Knowledge and the Body-Mind Problem (1994) and the Popp part from Karl R. Popper, John C. Eccles: Das Ich und seineirn (1977), editorial remarks and an afterword by the editor with an overview of approx. 40 further works on the three worlds doctrine.

swell

  1. ↑ Frege, Gottlob, Der Gedanke: a logical investigation , in: Contributions to the philosophy of German idealism I, 2 (1918), p. 58 (69), in: Frege, Logical investigations , 3rd edition (1986) - ISBN 3-525-33518-0 , p. 30 (43)
  2. ^ Gustav Radbruch: Rechtsphilosophie (1932), Ralf Dreier, Ralf, Stanley L. Paulson, (ed.), 2nd edition Heidelberg, 2003, § 1, 11 (3.4). Explained by Arthur Kaufmann: Problem history of legal philosophy , in: Arthur Kaufmann , Winfried Hassemer , Ulfrid Neumann (eds), Introduction to Legal Philosophy and Legal Theory of the Present , 8th edition Heidelberg, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8252-0593-5 , 89 ff.
  3. ^ Axel Montenbruck: Democratic preamble humanism. Western civil religion and universal triad “Nature, Soul and Reason” , 4th again considerably expanded edition, 2013, pp. 141–267, series civil religion. A Philosophy of Law as a Philosophy of Culture, Volume I - Foundation, Free University of Berlin ( Open Access )