Drymaia

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Drymaia, view from the south.

Drymaia ( Greek Δρυμαία ), also Drymos ( Greek Δρύμος ), Drymus , Drymia ( Greek Δρυμία ) or Drymiae was an ancient Greek city in Phokis on the southern slope of the Kallidromo Mountains. It was a border town between Phocis and the epicnemid Lokris and controlled the southwest route of the Kleisoura Pass. Titus Livius and Pliny the Elder counted the city to Doris .

description

Drymaia, tower of the east wall.

The Acropolis of Drymaia was on the highest point of a hill about 1.5 km west of the present-day Drymea . The city wall formed an isosceles triangle and covers an area of ​​about 5 hectares , with a 370 m long wall running from the summit to the southwest and to the southeast. The connecting transverse wall at the foot of the hill was about 310 m long. The walls still visible today date from the Third Holy War (middle of the 4th century BC). While there are hardly any traces left of the lower transverse wall, the western and eastern walls are still clearly visible and the walls of the towers are still up to 8 m high. Travelers of the 19th century saw the towers have holes, which they called loopholes for Oxybelai interpreted.

Traces from the Early , Middle and Late Helladic and from the Classical , Hellenistic and Roman times were found in Drymaia . There are no finds from the Archaic period . In the church of Drymea there are several ancient, inscribed stone blocks. There is also a block underneath that carries a contract between Drymaia and Oita .

Lore

Pausanias reports that Drymaia was 20 stadia (about 4 km) from Tithronion and 35 stadia (about 7 km) from Amphicaia . There was also another route to Amphicaia of 80 stadiums (about 16 km). However, the course of this route has not been handed down. The city is said to have been originally founded by Phokos and named after Naubolos Nauboleis. In the city there was a temple of Demeter Thesmophoros with a stone cult image. The thesmophoria are celebrated annually in her honor .

480 BC Drymaia was burned down by Xerxes I during the Second Persian War . 348/7 BC During the Third Holy War the city was destroyed and the inhabitants settled in surrounding villages. During the First Macedonian-Roman War , Drymaia was defeated in 208 BC. Conquered by Philip V.

literature

  • William Smith : Drymaea in Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography , 1854 ( online )
  • Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister, Stillwell, Richard, MacDonald, William L., McAlister, Marian Holland, Ed .: Drymaia or Drymos, NW Phokis, Greece in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites , Princeton, NJ 1976 ( online )

Web links

Commons : Drymaia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Titus Livius, Roman History 28: 7, 13; Pliny the Elder: Naturalis historia 4,4
  2. ↑ Jeremy McInerney: The Folds of Parnassos: Land and Ethnicity in Ancient Phokis. University of Texas Press, Austin 1999, pp. 273-274.
  3. ↑ Mondry Beaudouin: Inscription de Phocide. Convention entre la ville de Drymaea et la confédération des Oetéens in Bulletin de correspondance hellénique , 1881, Volume 5, No. 1, pp. 137-145 ( online )
  4. ^ Pausanias: Travels in Greece 10,33,12
  5. ↑ Herodotus : Histories 8.33
  6. ^ Pausanias: Travels in Greece 10.3.2
  7. ↑ Titus Livius, Roman History 28: 7, 13

Coordinates: 38 ° 42 ′ 17 ″  N , 22 ° 32 ′ 27 ″  E