Ghusl

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Ghusl ( Arabic غسل ghusl , DMG ġusl  'great ritual washing') is the general washing of the body in Islam , which is to be performed in the state of great ritual impurity ( ǧanāba ). It is notto be confusedwith the ritual washing of wudoo ' before prayer. The word is derived from the verb ġ-sl (to wash, to wash oneself) and does not appear as a noun in the Koran , but in the Sunna and legal literature ; there the derived form iġtisāl is alsocommon.

The great ritual impurity occurs after ejaculation , female ejaculation with or without sexual intercourse, during sleep or while awake. After menstruation, sexual intercourse is only permitted after the woman has completed ghusl.

Before the Friday prayer, the general washing of the body is recommended according to ritual law. As with all human actions, ritual washing must begin with the basmala . The formulation of intention ( nīya ) is also essential. Excessive water consumption during washing is reprehensible ( makrūh ). Before converting to Islam, the unbeliever has to perform the great ritual ablution before speaking the Shahada , according to an order of Muhammad . This regulation also applies to the apostate who becomes a Muslim again after repenting.

The washing of the dead ( ghusl al-mayyit ) takes place under special regulations. People who have died in jihad , on the other hand, are not washed.

The great ritual ablution is represented in the Ḥadīṯ books in the book provided for it ( kitāb al-ghusl ) through the transmission of the prophetic practice ( sunna ) and the practices of his companions . In the law books the legal discussion of this ablution takes place in the chapters ( abwāb ) on Tahāra . One of the oldest writings in which ritual cleansing is systematically presented was composed by the Qāḍī of Tarsus Abū ʿUbaid al-Qāsim ibn Sallām (st. 838 in Mecca ).

literature

  • AJ Wensinck, JH Kramers (ed.): Concise dictionary of Islam . Brill, Leiden 1941, p. 145.
  • The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition . Volume 2, Brill, Leiden 1965, p. 1104.
  • Al-mausūʿa al-fiqhīya . 1st edition. Kuwait 1994. Volume 31, pp. 194-217.
  • Quran, 4.43 ('An-Nisa)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kitāb aṭ-ṭahūr . Edited by Muḥammad Ḥasan Ismāʿīl aš-Šāfiʿī. Beirut 1996.