Female ejaculation

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

When female ejaculation the intermittent release is a secretion at the peak of sexual excitement called in women, which with an intense experience of pleasure is connected. The ejaculate (including the prostate-specific antigen ) is secreted during orgasm through the exits of the paraurethral gland ( glandula paraurethralis or Skene gland or female prostate feminina ). For a long time, this sexual reaction by women was subject to medical and social taboos . Further research is required, among other things, on the exact composition of the ejaculate, the exact anatomical and physiological origin and the processes that trigger the ejaculation.

According to Rubio-Casillas & Jannini (2011), female ejaculation and squirting are two different processes, which can, however, occur simultaneously during an orgasm : Squirting alone describes the spurting of the liquid in the bladder, which has the properties of diluted urine. Female ejaculation is the expulsion of whitish to transparent ejaculate from the “female prostate” (Skene gland). This process occurs during orgasm. Furthermore, female ejaculation is favorably influenced by the muscle contraction ( muscle strength ) and the contraction sequence of the pubococcygeus muscle .

Discovery story

Aristotle reported around 300 BC. Chr. Of a liquid secretion during female orgasm, which however does not contain semen. In the 2nd century, Galen described a female prostate from which semen could be ejaculated by women.

During the Renaissance , the anatomist Realdo Colombo referred to female ejaculation in his work on the function of the clitoris .

The Dutch doctor Regnier de Graaf wrote a detailed description as a “gush-like effusion” during arousal in his work on the female genital organs in 1672 . He also pointed out a particularly sensitive area in the anterior vaginal wall, which he compared to the man's prostate .

Drawing of the anatomical structure of the paraurethral glands of an adult woman. Shown are the female urethra - Meatus urethrae externus, picture below - with the glandular ducts opening from the dorsal or ventral direction.
View of the ( intravaginal ) periurethal cavernous tissue. The clitoris is at the bottom of the picture. Above it the urethral opening, Meatus urethrae externus , it is closed and visible as a small elevation.

In 1904, the psychologist Havelock Ellis advocated the theory that female ejaculation was analogous to sperm and that it came from Bartholin's glands .

In 1950, the German gynecologist Ernst Graefenberg described this zone and its importance, which was later referred to as the Graefenberg zone (G point). In 1997 the gynecologist Chua Chee Ann from Malaysia found an even more sensitive A-point in the front wall of the vagina .

In the literature from the 17th century onwards, the liquid known as the "river of joy" that is released during female ejaculation was well known, but has been largely ignored by science until modern times. Exceptions were the aforementioned Ernst Graefenberg and the Graz psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing , who remarked in 1888 that "even women have an ejaculation process or feeling that marks the moment of highest lust."

Female ejaculation is also the target of the Kunyaza sexual practice , which is traditionally used in Rwanda .

Female ejaculation. There are volumes of a few milliliters described ml to about 100th

Anatomy and physiology

Female ejaculation is seen as a homologous response to male ejaculation. Research suggests that the fluid expelled is a mixed secretion. Possible sources of the ejaculate are paraurethral glands, Bartholin's glands , cervical , uterine and fallopian tube fluid as well as transudate fluid from the urethra . It is always unclear whether part of the ejaculate comes from the urinary bladder ( urine ), as the woman does not have to have urine in the bladder at all times.

There is increasing evidence in the current research that female ejaculation u. a. positively influences sperm motility. It was shown that the fluid contained in female ejaculate contains a protein called prostatic acid phosphatase (PSA) - an enzyme that is also present in male sperm - and thereby supports sperm motility. Female ejaculate also contains fructose , a sugar. Fructose is also generally present in male sperm, where it serves as a source of energy for sperm.

Nervous supply

The clitoris is innervated by the dorsal clitoral nerve, a branch of the paired pudendal nerve . This comes from the sacral plexus , a network of branches from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral nerves. The pudendal nerve carries both general somatosensitive and somatomotor nerve fibers. The perineum , the vulva and the lower (distal) third of the vagina also receive their nerve impulses from the pudendal nerve .

The genitofemoral nerve and the femoral cutaneous nerve also play a role in the lower third of the vagina, the perineum and the labia . The former pulls over the tuber ischiadium and gives off nerve branches that supply all structures of the external genitalia.

  • Inferior rectal nerve for the anal skin and external sphincter muscle
  • Perineal nerve for the perineum and the large labia
  • Dorsal clitoral nerve for the skin and clitoris.

It is thus the somatic pudendal nerve that supplies the striated muscles of the pelvic floor and the urethra with motor. With its sensitive parts, it sensory innervates the bladder and urethra.

The upper (proximal) third of the vagina is supplied from the pelvic nerve plexuses, which consist of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. The parasympathetic nerve fibers arise from segments S 2 to S 4 of the spinal cord and run over the pelvic nerve . The sympathetic fibers come from segment Th 12 to L 2 and are switched in the plexus hypogastricus ( plexus hypogastricus superior , plexus hypogastricus inferior ).

  • The uterovaginal plexus , also known as the Frankenhäuser plexus, comes from the inferior hypogastric plexus , which branches off from the superior hypogastric plexus . It is located in the subperitoneal connective tissue at the level of the cervix uteri and supplies from there the uterus , vagina, tuba uterina , and ovary .
  • The ovarian plexus comes from the aortic abdominal plexus above the superior hypogastric plexus , accompanies the vessels of the ovarian artery through the ovarian ligament and supplies the tube, ovary and parts of the uterus.

Current reception and research

Female genitalia ( vulva ) with the anatomically controversial outer mouth of the Skene glands

From the 1970s, the topic was taken up again in the wake of the women's movement . In the context of the women's self-help movement, female ejaculation is dealt with under the umbrella term lubrication problem, especially in the educational book on lesbian sexuality, Sapphisterie by Pat Califia (1981). The focus here is on conveying female ejaculation as a natural part of the female sexual experience spectrum. In 1987 female ejaculation was described in the manual A New View of a Woman's Body , edited by Carol Dawner ( USA ), initiator of the vaginal self-examination , under the name "flow of joy". This book is based on research by a group around Dawner on lesbian sexuality. The findings on female ejaculation gained in this way were transmitted to sex researcher Beverly Whipple ( Emerita at Rutgers University ) and sex researcher John D. Perry, author of the book G-Point . Among other things, this contributed to the fact that at the end of the 1970s the topic of “female ejaculation” re-entered the social discussion in the USA.

Simultaneously with the recognition of the existence of the G-spot through the work of Ladas, Whipple, and Perry, female ejaculation became the subject of medical interest. In 1981 F. Addiego and colleagues presented a study proving this phenomenon. Darling, Davidson, and Conway-Welch wrote in 1990 that 40% of women surveyed reported fluid leakage.

Despite some studies by Beverly Whipple, John Perry, Gary Schuback, Milan Zaviačič and Cabello Santamaria, it is still largely unclear where the ejaculated fluid comes from and how the process exactly works. Chemical analyzes of the ejaculate showed that it was urine, secretions from the paraurethral gland (Skene's gland) or a mixture of both.

In the Anglo-Saxon language area, scientific medicine also speaks of the female prostate , the "female prostate".

Paraurethral gland (“Skene gland”) with the G-spot located in the periurethral connective tissue , sketch in the sagittal plane

Chemical analyzes of the female secretion reveal a similarity to the fluid of the prostate gland. The concentration of acid prostate phosphatase (PAP) is considered to be a characteristic that distinguishes urine from secretion . Almost all US studies found that the PAP concentration in female ejaculate exceeds that in urine many times over. Other indicators such as the calcium content also speak against the urine hypothesis. The reports of the women concerned also confirm this. The liquid has a clear appearance, the smell is more or less strong, the taste is sharp. According to another source, the liquid that is expelled in the amount of about a teaspoon looks like stale skimmed milk ( watered-down fat-free milk ) and tastes sweet ( tasting sweet ).

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) - a protein - was described for the first time in 1984 by pollen in the female organism, in the periurethral glands, the female prostate. In both sexes, the gene expression for the PSA protein is subject to hormonal regulation via steroid receptors for androgens , gestagens , glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids , all of which have a stimulating effect.

frequency

Representation of the female pelvic floor with muscles and nerve supply; View from top back to front and bottom (dorsal to ventral)

It is not possible to determine exactly how many women ejaculate during orgasm. In the 1960s, Masters and Johnson assumed a percentage of 4.7%. In contrast, recent studies suggest a significantly higher percentage of up to 54%.

See also

literature

  • Frank Addiego, Edwin G. Belzer Jr., Jill Comolli, William Moger, John D. Perry, Beverly Whipple: Female Ejaculation: A Case Study. In: The Journal of Sex Research. Volume 17, No. 1, February 1981, pp. 13-21.
  • Thalita Cristina M. Costa, Patrícia M. Cury, Ana Maria G. Custódio: Features of the female prostate according to age: an autopsy study. Características da próstata feminina de acordo com a idade: um estudo de autópsia. In: J Bras Patol Med Lab. August 2016, Volume 52, No. 4, pp. 246-252 ( full text )
  • Annette Bolz: The water of profligacy. Female ejaculation isn't a myth, even if it's not in the textbook. Modern science is hesitant to research this. In: The time . No. 45, November 5, 1993.
  • Darling CA et al .: Female ejaculation: Perceived origins, the Grafenberg spot / area, and sexual responsiveness. In: Archives of Sexual Behavior. February 1990, Volume 19, No. 1, pp. 29-47, accessed March 15, 2020.
  • Ernst Graefenberg : The Role of Urethra in Female Orgasm. In: The International Journal of Sexology. Volume 3, No. 3, 1950, pp. 145-148.
  • Stephanie Haerdle: Syringes . History of female ejaculation . Edition Nautilus, Hamburg 2020, ISBN 978-3-96054-215-5 .
  • John W. Huffman: The detailed anatomy of the paraurethral ducts in the adult human female. In: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1948, vol. 55, pp. 86-101.
  • John W. Huffman: Clinical significance of the paraurethral ducts and glands. In: Arch Surg 1951, Volume 62, pp. 615-626.
  • Alice Khan Ladas, Beverly Whipple, John D. Perry: The G-Spot. The strongest erotic center of women (= Heyne general series. No. 7221). Heyne, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-453-01806-0 . (English edition: The G spot: and other discoveries about human sexuality. 1st Owl Books edition. Holt Paperbacks, New York 2005, ISBN 0-8050-7759-6 (first edition 1982)).
  • Sabine zur Nieden: Female ejaculation. Variations on an ancient dispute between the sexes. (= Contributions to sex research. Volume 91). 2nd Edition. Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8379-2004-8 . (First edition: Enke-Verlag, Stuttgart 2004; dissertation University of Frankfurt am Main 1991, under the title: Theoretical and empirical studies on female ejaculation ).
  • Samuel Salama, Florence Boitrelle u. a .: Nature and Origin of "Squirting" in Female Sexuality. In: The Journal of Sexual Medicine. Volume 12, No. 3, 2015, pp. 661-666, doi: 10.1111 / jsm.12799 .
  • Josephine Lowndes Sevely: Eva's Secrets. New insights into the sexuality of women. Droemer Knaur, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-426-26363-7 .
  • Karl F. Stifter: Female ejaculation. In: W. Eicher et al. (Ed.): Practical Sexual Medicine. Medical Tribune, Wiesbaden 1988, p. 95 f.
  • Deborah Sundahl: Female Ejaculation and the G-Spot. Nietsch, Freiburg im Breisgau 2006, ISBN 3-934647-95-2 .
  • Renate Syed: About the "Graefenberg Zone" and female ejaculation in ancient Indian sexology. A contribution to the history of medicine. In: Sudhoff's archive. Journal of the History of Science. Volume 83, Issue 2, 1999, pp. 171-190.
  • Florian Wimpissinger, Christopher Springer, Walter Stackl: International online survey: female ejaculation has a positive impact on women's and their partners' sexual lives. In: BJU International. Volume 112, No. 2, July 2013, pp. E177-E185, doi: 10.1111 / j.1464-410X.2012.11562.x .
  • Florian Wimpissinger, Karl Stifter, Wolfgang Grin, Walter Stackl: The Female Prostate Revisited: Perineal Ultrasound and Biochemical Studies of Female Ejaculate. In: The Journal of Sexual Medicine. Volume 4, No. 5, September 2007, pp. 1388-1393, doi: 10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2007.00542.x .
  • Florian Wimpissinger, Robert Tscherney, Walter Stackl: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Female Prostate Pathology. In: The Journal of Sexual Medicine. Volume 6, No. 6, June 2009, pp. 1704-1711, doi: 10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2009.01287.x
  • Beverly Whipple, BR Komisaruk: Beyond the G spot: Recent Research on Female Sexuality. In: Psychiatric Annals. No. 29, 1999, pp. 34-37.
  • Beverly Whipple: Female Ejaculation, G Spot, A Spot, and Should We Be Looking for Spots? In: Current Sexual Health Reports. Volume 7, No. 2, March 12, 2015, pp. 59–62, doi: 10.1007 / s11930-015-0041-2 (full text)
  • M. Zadra, E. Zadra: Devotion and Ecstasy: The G-Spot and the Secret of Female Sexuality. Knaur-Taschenbuch, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-426-87306-0 .
  • Milan Zaviačič : The Human Female Prostate: From Vestigial Skene's Paraurethral Glands and Ducts to Woman's Functional Prostate. Slovak Academic Press, Bratislava 1999, ISBN 80-88908-50-7 .
  • Milan Zaviačič, Beverly Whipple: Update on the female prostate and the phenomenon of female ejaculation. In: Journal of Sex Research. Volume 30, 1993, pp. 148-151.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Milan Zaviačič : The Human Female Prostate. Slovak Academic Press, Bratislava 1999, ISBN 80-88908-50-7 [1]
  2. ↑ a b c Sabine zur Nieden: Female ejaculation: Variations on an ancient dispute between the sexes (= contributions to sexual research. Volume 84). Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen 2004, ISBN 3-89806-267-8 , p. 48 f.
  3. ↑ Amy L. Gilliland: Women's Experiences of Female Ejaculation. In: Sexuality & Culture. Volume 13, No. 3, September 2009, pp. 121-134, doi: 10.1007 / s12119-009-9049-y .
  4. ↑ Caroline Meauxsoone-Lesaffre: L'émission fontaine ou l'éjaculation féminine: Squirting or female ejaculation. (= Congrès Séance de la Société Médico-Psychologique, France 24/09/2012. ). In: Annales Médico-Psychologiques, revue psychiatrique. ( ISSN  0003-4487 ) Volume 171, No. 2, March 2013, pp. 110-114 ( abstract online ).
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Künzel, Michael Kirschbaum: Gießener Gynäkologische Furtherbildung 1995: 19th further training course for doctors in gynecology and obstetrics. Springer, Heidelberg / Berlin / New York 2013, ISBN 978-3-6426-0994-7 , p. 282 f. (on books.google.de [2] )
  6. ^ A. Rubio-Casillas, EA Jannini: New insights from one case of female ejaculation. In: The journal of sexual medicine. (J Sex Med) Volume 8, Number 12, December 2011, pp. 3500-3504, doi: 10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2011.02472.x
  7. ↑ S. Salama, F. Boitrelle, A. Gauquelin u. a .: Nature and origin of "squirting" in female sexuality. In: The journal of sexual medicine. Volume 12, No. 3, March 2015, pp. 661-666, doi: 10.1111 / jsm.12799 .
  8. ↑ Robert King, Jay Belsky, Kenneth Mah, Yitzchak Binik: Are There Different Types of Female Orgasm? In: Archives of Sexual Behavior. Volume 40, No. 5, October 2011, pp. 865-875, doi: 10.1007 / s10508-010-9639-7 ( psychologytoday.com ).
  9. ↑ Karl F. Stifter: The third dimension of pleasure. The secret of female ejaculation. Heyne, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-453-04011-2 , p. 200 f.
  10. ↑ B. Graber, G. Kline-Graber: Female Orgasm. Role of Pubococcygeus Muscle. In: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Volume 40, 1970, pp. 34-39.
  11. ↑ Britta-Juliane Kruse: Hidden healing arts. History of gynecology in the late Middle Ages. (= Sources and research on literary and cultural history. Volume 5; = Sources and research on the language and cultural history of the Germanic peoples. Volume 239). (Phil. Dissertation FU Berlin 1994: Hidden healing arts. Gynecology and obstetrics in manuscripts and prints from the 15th and 16th centuries ). de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1996, ISBN 3-11-014704-1 , p. 226.
  12. ↑ Sophia M. Connell: Aristotle and Galen on sex difference and reproduction. A new approach to an ancient rivalry. In: Studies In History and Philosophy of Science. Part A, Volume 31, No. 3, Sept. 2000, pp. 405-427, doi: 10.1016 / S1369-8486 (00) 00007-8 .
  13. ^ Regnier de Graaf: De Mulierum Organization Generationi Inservientibus Tractatus Novus. First published in 1672, reprinted under the title New Treatise Concerning the Generative Organs of Women. In: Journal of Reproduction & Fertility. 1972, ISSN  0022-4251 .
  14. ↑ Quoted in: Alice Kahn Ladas, Beverly Whipple, John D. Perry: The G spot: and other discoveries about human sexuality. 1st Owl Books edition. Holt Paperbacks, New York 2005, ISBN 0-8050-7759-6 .
  15. ^ JW Huffman: The detailed anatomy of the paraurethral ducts in the adult human female. In: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1948, vol. 55, pp. 86-101.
  16. ^ E. Graefenberg: The Role of the Urethra in Female Orgasm. In: International Journal of Sexology. Volume 3, 1950, p. 145.
  17. ↑ Chua Chee Ann: A proposal for a radical new sex therapy technique for the management of vasocongestive and orgasmic dysfunction in women: The AFE Zone Stimulation Technique. In: Sexual and Marital Therapy. Volume 12, 1997, p. 357, doi: 10.1080 / 02674659708408179 .
  18. ↑ Quoted by Sylvia Groth: The clitoris. The woman's lost, fragmented and rediscovered pleasure organ. In: Sylvia Groth, Éva Rásky (Ed.): Sexualities. Interdisciplinary contributions to women and sexuality. Studies Verlag, Innsbruck 2001, ISBN 3-7065-1500-8 , pp. 93-107.
  19. ↑ Florian Wimpissinger, Christopher Springer, Walter Stackl: International online survey: female ejaculation has a positive impact on women's and their partners' sexual lives. In: BJU International. 2013, Volume 112, Article E 177 – E 185 [3] , here p. 179, Table 3.
  20. ↑ Deborah Sundahl : Female Ejaculation & the G-Spot. Nietsch, Freiburg 2006, ISBN 3-934647-95-2 , p. 80 f.
  21. ↑ Samuel Salama, Florence Boitrelle, Amélie Gauquelin, Lydia Malagrida, Nicolas Thiounn, Pierre Desvaux: Nature and Origin of "Squirting" in Female Sexuality. In: J Sex Med. Volume 12, 2015, pp. 661-666.
  22. ^ Alberto Rubio-Casillas, Emmanuele A. Jannini: New Insights from One Case of Female Ejaculation. In: The journal of sexual medicine. (J Sex Med) Volume 8, Number 12, December 2011, pp. 3500-3504, doi: 10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2011.02472.x , p. 3501: Table 1 ; ( Full text online ).
  23. ↑ SSuarez, AAPacey: Sperm transport in the female reproductive tract. In: Human Reproduction Update. 2006, Volume 12, No. 1, pp. 23–37 ( full text )
  24. ^ Volkmar Sigusch : Sexual disorders and their treatment. Thieme, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-131-03944-6 , p. 233 ( on books.google.de ).
  25. ↑ VP Babmindra, AP Novozhilova, TA Bragina et al .: The structural bases of the regulation of neuron sensitivity. In: Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. (Neuroscience. Behavioral. Physiology.) 1999, Volume 29, No. 6, pp. 615-620, doi: 10.1007 / BF02462474 , PMID 10651316 ( excerpt ).
  26. ↑ Karl F. Stifter: The third dimension of pleasure. The secret of female ejaculation. Heyne, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-453-04011-2 , p. 149 f.
  27. ↑ Alice Khan Ladas , Beverly Whipple , John D. Perry : The G-Spot. The strongest erotic center of women. 9th edition. Heyne, Munich 1983.
  28. ^ F. Addiego, Edwin G. Belzer Jr., Beverly Whipple, William Moger et al .: Female ejaculation. A case study. In: The Journal of Sex Research. Volume 17, No. 1, February. 1981, pp. 13-21.
  29. ↑ Darling CA, Davidson JK, Conway-Welch C.: Female Ejaculation. Perceived Orgins, the Grafenberg Spot / Area and Sexual Responsiveness. In: Archives of Sexual Behavior. Volume 19, No. 1, 1990, pp. 29-47, doi: 10.1007 / BF01541824 .
  30. ↑ S. Kratochvíl: Orgasmic expulsions in women. In: Ceskoslovenská psychiatrie. (Cesk Psychiatr). Vol. 90, No. 2, 1994, pp. 71-77, PMID 8004685 .
  31. ^ Gary Schubach: The G-spot is the female prostate. In: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (Am J Obstet Gynecol.) Volume 186, No. 4, April 1, 2002, p. 850.
  32. ↑ M. Zaviacic, RJ Ablin: The female prostate and prostate-specific antigen. Immunohistochemical localization, implications of this prostate marker in women and reasons for using the term "prostate" in the human female. In: Histology and Histopathology. (Histol Histopathol.) Vol. 15, No. 1, 2000, pp. 131-142, doi: 10.14670 / HH-15.131 .
  33. ↑ M. Zaviacic, B. Whipple: Update on the female prostate and the phenomenon of female ejaculation. In: Journal of Sex Research. (J Sex Res.) Vol. 30, 1993, pp. 148-151.
  34. ↑ Annette Bolz: Woman's ejaculation is not a myth, even if it is not in the textbook: The water of profligacy. In: The time . No. 45, dated November 5, 1993.
  35. ↑ Own translation from the French of: Le liquide a un aspect clair, une odeur plus ou moins forte, un goût âcre et salé. From: Caroline Meauxsoone-Lesaffre: L'émission fontaine ou l'éjaculation féminine: Squirting or female ejaculation. In: Annales Médico-Psychologiques, revue psychiatrique. ( ISSN  0003-4487 ) Volume 171, No. 2, March 2013, pp. 110-114, doi: 10.1016 / j.amp.2013.01.004 .
  36. ↑ Barry R. Komisaruk: Behavioral Neuroendocrinology. CRC Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1-315-38805-2 , p. 305 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  37. ↑ JJ Pollen, A. Dreilinger: Immunohistochemical identification of (...) PSA in female periurethral glands. In: Urology. 1984, Vol. 23, pp. 303-304.
  38. ↑ M. Black, M. Giai, H. Yu, EP Diamandis: Serum total and free Prostate-specific antigen for breast cancer diagnosis in women. In: Clinical Cancer Research. (Clin Cancer Res.) 2000, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 467-473.
  39. ↑ N. Zarghami, L. Grass, EP Diamandis: Steroid hormon regulation of PSA gene expression in breast cancer. In: British Journal of Cancer. (Br J Cancer.) 1997, vol. 75, pp. 579-588.
  40. ↑ Nick Fleming: A Review of Female Ejaculation During Orgasm. (PDF; 49 kB). In: Jan Cioe (Ed.): Psychology 353: Human Sexuality I. 2006, p. 3.
  41. ↑ Darling CA, Davidson JK, Conway-Welch C.: Female Ejaculation. Perceived Orgins, the Grafenberg Spot / Area and Sexual Responsiveness. In: Archives of Sexual Behavior. Volume 19, No. 1, 1990, pp. 29-47, doi: 10.1007 / BF01541824 .