Steroid receptors

Steroid hormone receptors , or steroid receptors for short , are intracellular receptors that are responsible for the signal transduction of steroid hormones in the cell . The steroid receptors belong to the superfamily of nuclear receptors NR3 ( nuclear receptor subfamily 3 ). Like all nuclear receptors , steroid receptors are transcription factors that are present in the cytoplasm and migrate into the cell nucleus after activation .

Schematic representation of the structure of the nuclear receptors.

construction

The structure of the steroid receptors or the nuclear receptors is made up of different protein domains :

• N-terminal regulator domain
• DNA binding domain (DBD): highly conserved domain consisting of two zinc finger motifs, which binds a specific nucleotide sequence on the DNA , the hormone responsive element (HRE).
• variable connection domain
• Ligand binding domain (LBD): specific binding site for the corresponding steroid hormone .
• variable C-terminal domain

species

The steroid receptors are categorized according to their sequence homology :

The superfamily of nuclear receptors

• Subfamily 3 (estrogen receptor-like)
  • Group A: estrogen receptor (hormone: estrogens )
    • 1: Estrogen receptor-α (ERα; NR3A1, ESR1 )
    • 2: Estrogen receptor-β (ERβ; NR3A2, ESR2 )
  • Group B: Estrogen-like receptors
    • 1: Estrogen-like receptors-α (ERRα; NR3B1, ESRRA )
    • 2: Estrogen-like receptors-β (ERRα; NR3B2, ESRRB )
    • 3: Estrogen-like receptors-γ (ERRα; NR3B3, ESRRG )
  • Group C: 3-ketosteroid receptors
    • 1: Glucocorticoid receptor (GR; NR3C1, NR3C1 ) (hormone: cortisol )
    • 2: Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR; NR3C2, NR3C2 ) (hormone: aldosterone )
    • 3: progesterone receptor (PR; NR3C3, PGR ) (hormone: progesterone )
    • 4: Androgen receptor (AR; NR3C4, AR ) (hormones: testosterone , dihydrotestosterone )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ P. Germain et al .: Overview of nomenclature of nuclear receptors. In: Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (4), 2006, pp. 685-704, PMID 17132848 PDF .
2. ^ Nuclear Receptors Nomenclature Committee: A unified nomenclature system for the nuclear receptor superfamily. In: Cell. 97 (2), 1999, pp. 161-163, PMID 10219237 , doi : 10.1016 / S0092-8674 (00) 80726-6