Duhamel Atlas

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Duhamel Atlas or Beaunier Atlas (also Saargrubenatlas , Saar-Kohlen-Atlas , French Atlas des concessions du Terrain Houiller de la Sarre ) is a map of the art of mining that was completed in the spring of 1810 and has been used for over 100 years for the Saar coal - Territory was valid. The authors were Jean Baptist Duhamel , professor of mining at the École pratique des Mines de la Sarre in Geislautern , and his assistants Louis-Antoine Beaunier and Michel-François Calmelet .

Emergence

After the conclusion of peace with Prussia in February 1801, the conquerors set about making use of the new land on the left of the Rhine. This also included its natural resources. Under the Council of State and Director of Bridges and Chausséen Jean-Pierre Bachasson de Montalivet , the order was given on January 1, 1809 to create a map series for the award of concessions. The area to be worked on was uncharted territory in many respects, especially in terms of the size and undeveloped nature of the area, as it was only sparsely populated at the time, criss-crossed by large forests and almost without infrastructure.

When creating the atlas , the creators were based on the work of Gabriel Jars , a colleague of Duhamel's father Jean-Pierre Guillot-Duhamel .

The work was completed within two years. A map series was created in the form of an atlas, in which surface topography was represented with an accuracy that is still surprising today. On 61 sheets you can see hamlets and farms that no longer exist today; Transport routes, on the other hand, are still underdeveloped. Today the original atlas is kept in the National Archives in Paris.

shape

The five centimeter thick atlas bound in wine-red leather is 95 × 67 cm in portrait format. The individual sheets are 94 × 62 cm in size and always form a double page that is 80 × 60 cm when opened. In the 1920s, facsimile prints measuring 64 × 50 × 7 cm were made by the then French mine management .

content

The sheets are in the following order:

  1. Overview map of the compilation of the concessions of the Saar coal area on a scale of 1: 50,000: "Carte d'Assemblage de l'Atlas des Concessions du Terrain Houiller de la Sarre"
  2. Explanation of symbols "Explication des Signes, des Chiffres et des Lettres employés dans l'Atlas"
  3. 12 sections of the pits being mined: “Coupes et Projections des Mines de Houille en Exploitation, dans le Pax de Sarrebruck. Planche 1 ere "
  4. 61 sheets of the concession fields on a scale of 1: 2,500: "Plans des concessions du Terrain Houiller de la Sarre"
  5. Register of the division of the Saarland mining area into 64 concession fields and seven reserved concession fields
  6. Register of leveling of the mine area

The dimensions, which have already been made in metric meters and centimeters, are particularly advanced. It was only partially supplemented by the usual on-site feet and inches. A separate zero point has been set for the cards. It is located at the mouth of the Schwalbach in the Saar at 181.1 meters above sea ​​level and is marked on sheet 40 as "Point Zéro des Nivellements pris à l'Embouchure de la Schwalbach dans la Sarre".

64 concession fields were noted in the atlas. Coal fields for alum factories and glassworks were not included.

The extensive work came to an end with the passing of the law LOI concernant les Mines, les Minières et les Carrières ( German  law on mines, mining and extraction of stones. ), In which the granting of concessions is precisely regulated.

literature

  • Hubertus Rolshoven a. a .: The Duhamel Atlas. A masterpiece of French mining art. In: Der Anschnitt, magazine for art and culture in mining. Issue 1–2 / 1988, 40 vol. Pp. 14-19.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Saarpedia ( Memento of the original from August 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.saarpfalz24.de
  2. ^ A b Karl Heinz Ruth: Tunnels and shafts in hard coal mining on the Saar. Volume 24: Mine work in the Atlas des Concessions du Terrain Houiller de la Sarre. German Steinkohle AG, Saar Regional Administration (ed.), 1999, OCLC 313566792 .
  3. ↑ Sainte-Claire Deville (technical director of the mine domaninales de la Sarre): Speech at the general meeting on May 10, 1924 of the alumni association of l'École des Mines. on-line
  4. ↑ a b Saarland pictures
  5. ↑ a b Sainte-Claire Deville (technical director of the mine domaninales de la Sarre): Speech at the general meeting on May 10, 1924 of the alumni association of l'École des Mines. In: Bulletin of the alumni association of the “Mine domaninales de la Sarre”. June 1924.
  6. ↑ Ralf Banken: The industrialization of the Saar region 1815-1914. Volume 1: The early industrialization 1815-1850. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-515-07324-8 , p. 76.