Duke of Berwick

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James Fitzjames, 1st Duke of Berwick
Coat of arms of the 1st Duke of Berwick

Duke of Berwick (-upon-Tweed) was a hereditary British title in the Peerage of England . The title is named after the northern English town of Berwick-upon-Tweed .

Award and history of the title

The title was created on March 19, 1687 for James FitzJames , the illegitimate son of King James II of England with Arabella Churchill . Along with the title, the subordinate titles Earl of Tinmouth and Baron Bosworth , of Bosworth in the County of Leicester , were created.

After the Glorious Revolution he fought on the side of his father against the new King Wilhelm III. and finally had to follow his father into exile. His titles are generally considered to be revoked for treason between February 23 and March 24, 1695/6. The exact circumstances of the revocation of the title are controversial, since the English parliament apparently never passed a corresponding Act of Attainder . Well but the Duke before was Old Bailey 1689/90 judiciary of treason guilty and outcast ( Outlaw explains), which is accompanied by the withdrawal of the title, and mentions in other contemporary documents suggest that he was already considered to 1695 as an outlaw .

In exile , the 1st Duke was recognized as a military leader in French and Spanish services. King Philip V of Spain raised him to Duque de Berwick and Grandes of Spain (first class) in 1704 , and in 1707 to Duque de Liria y Jérica . King Louis XIV of France made him Duc de Fitz-James and Peer of France in 1710 . His descendants as heads of the noble family FitzJames use the forfeited English titles to this day, these are generally regarded as a Jacobite new award from 1695, which was not recognized by the British . The French and Spanish duke titles fell to other lines of the family due to differing succession regulations, the French title expired on January 19, 1967, the Spanish title has been held by Carlos Fitz-James Stuart y Martínez de Irujo, 19th Duque de Alba de Tormes , since 2014 (* 1948).

List of the Dukes of Berwick (1687)

Jacobite Dukes of Berwick (1695)

  • James Fitzjames, 1st Duke of Berwick , 1st Duque de Liria y Jérica (1670–1734)
  • James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick , 2nd Duque de Liria y Jérica (1696–1738)
  • James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick, 3rd Duque de Liria y Jérica (1718–1785)
  • Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Berwick, 4th Duque de Liria y Jérica (1752–1787)
  • Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 5th Duke of Berwick, 5th Duque de Liria y Jérica (1773–1794)
  • Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 6th Duke of Berwick (1792–1795)
  • Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 7th Duke of Berwick, 14th Duque de Alba de Tormes (1794–1835)
  • Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 8th Duke of Berwick, 15th Duque de Alba de Tormes (1821–1881)
  • Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 9th Duke of Berwick, 16th Duque de Alba de Tormes (1849–1901)
  • Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart , 10th Duke of Berwick, 17th Duque de Alba de Tormes (1878–1953)
  • Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 11th Duke of Berwick, 15th Duque de Peñaranda de Duero (1922–1971)
  • Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 12th Duke of Berwick, 16th Duque de Peñaranda de Duero (* 1947)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Geoffrey W. Iredell: Genealogists' Magazine. Volume 20, No. 5, March 1981, pp. 147-151

Web links