Bean straw
Bean straw is the straw , i.e. dried, threshed pods, stalks and leaves, from bean plants .
use
The use of bean straw can be traced back to before our era . For the ancient Roman shepherd's festival Parilia , bean straw was used for the ritual ceremonies. The Roman historian and statesman Marcus Porcius Cato the Elder (234 BC - 149 BC) reported on the composting of bean straw together with cereal straw, leaves and lupins to fertilize vineyards. In Central Europe, bean straw, mainly that of the field bean , has been used since the Middle Ages at the latest. It is mainly used in agriculture as fodder and fertilizer .
Bean straw is very rich in nutrients, but very tough and woody, which means that prior processing is necessary for use as cattle feed due to its poor digestibility. It is also relatively susceptible to fungal pests. Most of the time, the bean straw was chopped very small and added to other feed, or the nutrients were released before feeding. Bean straw was mainly fed to cattle, sheep and horses. Occasionally, post-dried bean straw was ground in the oven and, mostly mixed with additional nutrients, fed to dairy cows as concentrated feed.
The high nitrogen content of the bean straw makes it suitable as a fertilizer. When harvested using a combine harvester, bean straw is either left directly on the field or dug under the field. In the 18th century, Johann Georg Krünitz reported on the fertilization of cabbage fields with burned bean straw, which was burned directly on the field and the ashes were buried. This method should serve the fertility of the soil as well as the displacement of the flea .
At the beginning of the 19th century, bean straw was used as a substitute for hemp fiber . Investigations have proven the suitability of bean straw fibers for the production of paper and threads, for example. The fiber yield from bean straw was quantitatively and qualitatively equal to that from hemp, but was less costly.
Burnt bean straw was also used in folk medicine in the past. A lye prepared from the ashes of the straw was used as a remedy for nervous disorders and dropsy . The liquor from planks ash was also with fresh cow dung offset, for the bleaching of linen used.
As stupid as bean straw
The saying “stupid as bean straw” comes from the time when the population equipped their beds with straw sacks or mattresses filled with straw. Very poor people could not afford grain straw and therefore resorted to the cheaper and usually plentiful, coarse bean straw. The expression "coarse as bean straw" developed , which over the course of time changed to "stupid as bean straw" . The expression is also a reference to the earlier equation of poverty with a lack of education and thus a lack of intelligence.
Others
In 2011, the Schleswig-Holstein Chamber of Agriculture published a report on the use of ensiled bean straw for biogas production with the result that this type of use of bean straw makes the cultivation of field beans significantly more profitable. At Lake Naivasha , about 70 kilometers north of Nairobi in Kenya , a company from Reisbach in Lower Bavaria started building a biogas plant in 2014 . The plant was opened in 2015 and is operated with bean straw, among other things.
The German country band Truck Stop released a single in 1982 called "That's only available in Dallas" in honor of the US television series Dallas . The chorus of this title begins with the line "Bean straw in a cowboy hat - only available in Dallas" . This line of text was also adopted as the guiding principle of a broadcast by Deutschlandfunk on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the German premiere of the series.
In modern kitchens, cooked or deep-fried beans cut into thin strips are also referred to as bean straw and served as an accompaniment to fish, poultry or meat, for example.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl-Wilhelm Weeber: The wine culture of the Romans . Verlag Artemis & Winkler, 1993, ISBN 978-3-7608-1093-5 , pp. 24 .
- ^ Johann Nepomuk Hubert von Schwerz: Instructions for practical agriculture . tape 2 . Cotta-Verlag, 1837, p. 36 f . ( Google Books ).
- ↑ WA Kreyssig: Forage cultivation in its entirety on fields and meadows in central and northern Europe . Verlag Bornträger, 1829, p. 621 ( Google Books ).
- ↑ Brigitte Vogl-Lukasser, Christian R. Vogl, Peter Blauensteiner: Knowledge based on local varieties of traditional cultures in East Tyrol. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (Ed.), March 2006, p. 38ff.
- ↑ Anke Boenisch, Klaus Schulze-Kremer: Field bean: The nudist culture (early lime potash). In: Practical. Specialized information for agriculture. Issue 1, January 2014.
- ^ Johann Georg Krünitz: Economic Encyclopedia . tape 11 . Verlag J. Pauli, 1777, p. 278 ( Google Books ).
- ↑ Use of bean straw instead of hemp . In: Allgemeine Handlungs-Zeitung . 1813, p. 913 ( Google Books ).
- ↑ Walter H. Schuster: Legumes for grain use: field bean, field bean, horse bean, broad bean, broad bean (Vicia faba L.) ( full text on the university publication server of the Justus Liebig University in Giessen ).
- ↑ Johann Georg Krünitz, Friedrich Jakob Floerken, Heinrich Gustav Flörke: Economic-technological encyclopedia . tape 76 . Verlag J. Pauli, 1806, p. 510 f . ( Google Books ).
- ^ Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm: German Dictionary . tape 2 , col. 227 ( online in the dictionary network ).
- ^ Rolf-Bernhard Essig : Dumb as bean straw. In: Dr. Vinegar's little proverb. Südwestrundfunk, February 21, 2014, accessed June 23, 2015 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Sauermann, Werner wood: Silage from field bean straw for use over biogas. Chamber of Agriculture Schleswig-Holstein (Ed.), September 1, 2011.
- ↑ Walter Danner: The first grid-connected and largest biogas plant in Africa comes from Lower Bavaria. pressebox.de, May 20, 2015, accessed on June 23, 2015 .
- ↑ Peter Kuttler, Guido Meyer: Bean straw in a cowboy hat. Deutschlandfunk, July 2, 2011, accessed on June 23, 2015 .