E-Mental Health

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E-Mental-Health is the application of new media in the treatment and prevention of mental illnesses . It represents a sub-area of e-health .

deals

There are now a large number of psychosocial offers that make use of the new technologies, such as psychoeducation through information websites , online counseling , online forums , individual and group chats , follow-up care via SMS , or psychotherapy - related interventions such as e-mail therapy or computer-aided cognitive-behavioral therapy Procedure ( computerized cognitive behavioral therapy , cCBT).

Psycho-education and self-help

There are now many health portals and websites that provide information on mental illnesses and / or offer discussion forums, such as the German Depression Aid Foundation .

Online offers

Depending on the type of mental illness, there are now numerous online offers that are intended to provide support in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the illness.

If a user chooses one of the numerous online therapy programs, he or she fills out a diagnostic questionnaire at the beginning of the application. If a mental illness is diagnosed, the user first receives basic information about the illness. The individual treatment program is then created based on the diagnosis.

The therapeutic application depends entirely on the clinical picture of the user and is adapted to his needs. The individual tasks and exercises provided are processed by the user alone. However, this can optionally be supported by an online therapist.

Aftercare

Online programs can be used for both preventive care and aftercare.

An example of outpatient online aftercare is the Internet Bridge project of the Research Center for Psychotherapy . In this project, former patients of a psychosomatic clinic receive follow-up care via online chat groups.

Another study also confirmed the effectiveness of the aftercare programs in the area of ​​eating disorders. In this type of program, patients with bulimia or binge eating receive regular reminder messages on their smartphones after they are discharged. An improvement in health was found in 51.2% of the participants.

advantages

  • Use regardless of place and time
  • anonymity
  • unrestricted access
  • Prevention
  • "low threshold for use inhibition"

effectiveness

A meta-analysis (2009) on internet-based psychological therapies for depression showed a positive effect (average effect size of d = 0.41). Furthermore, it was found that therapeutically supported interventions ("supported treatments") achieved better results (d = 0.61) than pure self-help programs without support ("unsupported treatments", d = 0.25).

criticism

With regard to psychotherapy-related offers, it is discussed, among other things, to what extent z. B. the establishment of a diagnosis or the establishment of a therapeutic relationship via the Internet is possible. A danger is seen in the fact that inadequate diagnosis could result in unsuitable treatment. In addition, rapid therapeutic intervention such as B. a hospital admission in case of need hardly possible. Due to the purely written exchange, other aspects of communication (e.g. modulation of voice, eye contact, etc.) are lost. Also z. B. modular internet therapies are usually aimed at only one isolated clinical picture, whereas in practice it is often the case that various diseases and problems coexist. In addition, there is the problem of data security when communicating on the Internet (in contrast, the professional code for psychotherapists requires absolute protection of trust). In November 2009, the State Chamber of Psychotherapists Hesse published a critical opinion on the online therapy program Deprexis in response to an article in the FAZ . On April 17, 2010, the State Chamber of Psychotherapists of Hesse unanimously passed a resolution with the following wording:

“The diagnosis and therapy of mental illnesses requires a personal relationship between patient and doctor, psychological psychotherapist or child and adolescent psychotherapist. Diagnosing and treating illnesses without personal contact is not compatible with the professional code. The range of diagnostic and treatment options on the Internet and other media that have not been scientifically verified is growing and a clear signal is required to the public that these are no alternative to professional medical and psychotherapeutic care. "

Others

In October 2009 the first international e-mental health meeting took place in Amsterdam . On the occasion of Prince William and Duchess Catherine’s visit to Germany in July 2017, the British Embassy launched the "Mental Health Hero" competition.

See also

literature

  • Gerhard Andersson, Pim Cuijpers: Internet-Based and Other Computerized Psychological Treatments for Adult Depression: A Meta-Analysis. In: Cognitive Behavior Therapy. 38 (4), 2009, pp. 196-205. doi: 10.1080 / 16506070903318960 .
  • Azy Barak, Liat Hen, Meyran Boniel-Nissim, Na'ama Shapira: A Comprehensive Review and a Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Internet-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions. In: Journal of Technology in Human Services. 26 (2/4), 2008, pp. 109-160. doi: 10.1080 / 15228830802094429 .
  • Stephanie Bauer, Hans Kordy (Ed.): E-Mental-Health. New media in psychosocial care. Springer Medizin Verlag, Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-75735-1 (Review in Psychotherapeutenjournal. 4/2009, p. 398. online (PDF))
  • J. Bennett-Levy et al. a. (Ed.): Oxford Guide to Low Intensity CBT Interventions . Oxford University Press, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-959011-7 . (different chapters on e-mental health)
  • Pim Cuijpers, Tara Donker, Robert Johansson, David C. Mohr, Annemieke van Straten, Gerhard Andersson: Self-Guided Psychological Treatment for Depressive Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis. In: PLOS ONE . 6 (6), 2011, e21274, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0021274 .
  • Christiane Eichenberg, Ralf Ott: Clinical-psychological intervention on the Internet. Review of empirical findings on disorder-specific offers. In: Psychotherapist. 57 (1), 2012, pp. 58-69, doi: 10.1007 / s00278-011-0832-5 .
  • Viola Spek, Pim Cuijpers, Ivan Nyklicek, Heleen Riper, Jules Keyzer, Victor Pop: Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis. In: Psychological Medicine. 37, 2007, pp. 319-328, doi: 10.1017 / S0033291706008944 .
  • The self and the network . In: The time . No. 47/2007.
  • H. Thiart, D. Lehr, DD Ebert, M. Berking, H. Riper: Log in and breathe out: internet-based recovery training for sleepless employees with work-related strain - the results of a randomized controlled trial. In: Scand J Work Environ Health. doi: 10.5271 / sjweh.3478
  • Meeting in the virtual office . In: The time . No. 22/2017 of May 24, 2017, accessed on May 27, 2017.
  • Internet-based intervention programs for depression: effect sizes comparable to conventional therapy In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt . 2013; 110 (26): A 1310-3, accessed June 9, 2017.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Depression can also be alleviated online , Ärzte Zeitung online from June 14, 2017, accessed on June 19, 2017
  2. ^ Anne Blume, Ulrich Hegerl: Internet-based communication in the competence network "Depression, Suicidality": Experiences and opportunities. In: Stephanie Bauer, Hans Kordy: E-Mental-Health. New media in psychosocial care. 2008.
  3. ↑ German Depression Aid Foundation
  4. ↑ a b Chances and Risks of Using New Media in Psychotherapy | Issue 3/2014 - Media Psychology | In-Mind. Retrieved February 3, 2019 .
  5. ↑ H. Kordy, V. Golkaramnay, M. Wolf, S. Haug, S. Bauer: Internet chat groups in psychotherapy and psychosomatics. Acceptance and effectiveness of an internet bridge between specialist clinic and everyday life. In: Psychotherapist. 51 (2), 2006, pp. 144-153, doi: 10.1007 / s00278-005-0458-6 .
  6. ↑ Stephanie Bauer, Markus Wolf, Severin Haug, Hans Kordy: The effectiveness of internet chat groups in relapse prevention after inpatient psychotherapy. In: Psychotherapy Research. 21 (2), 2011, pp. 219-226, doi: 10.1080 / 10503307.2010.547530 .
  7. ^ Bauer, S., Okon, E. & Meermann, R .: Follow-up care after inpatient psychotherapy for eating disorders. Effectiveness of an SMS-based program. In: Psychotherapist . tape 56 , 2011, p. 509-515 .
  8. ↑ Andersson & Cuijpers, 2009, PMID 20183695 .
  9. ↑ Jürgen Hardt, Matthias Ochs: "Internet therapy" - opportunities and dangers - a first approach. In: Psychotherapist Journal. 1/2011, pp. 28-32. psychotherapeutenjournal.de (PDF).
  10. ^ Statement of the State Chamber of Psychotherapists Hessen on Deprexis from November 25, 2009; Retrieved January 4, 2012
  11. ↑ Online therapy for depression . In: FAZ , September 8, 2009; Retrieved January 4, 2012.
  12. ^ Resolution of the State Chamber of Psychotherapists Hessen from April 17, 2010, accessed on January 4, 2012.
  13. ↑ ementalhealthsummit.com
  14. ↑ Winner of the "Mental Health Hero" competition awarded , PM Federal Ministry of Health of July 20, 2017, accessed on August 3, 2017