Eggøya

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Eggøya
Jan mayen egg-oeja hg.jpg
Geographical location
Eggøya (Arctic)
Eggøya
Coordinates 70 ° 58 '23 "  N , 8 ° 23' 8"  W Coordinates: 70 ° 58 '23 "  N , 8 ° 23' 8"  W.
Waters 1 North Atlantic
length 800 m
width 1 km
Eggøya 1882.jpg
Egøen, woodcut from Henrik Mohn's expedition report (1882)

Eggøya ( German  also Eierinsel ) is a peninsula on the island of Jan Mayen in the North Atlantic, which belongs to Norway . It is located on the southeast coast of the island between the bays Jamesonbukta and Eggøybukta and east of Sørlaguna. Eggøya is the remnant of an eroded volcanic crater , of which only the northern edge remains. It surrounds the Kraterbukta bay in a semicircle and forms a steep cliff that reaches 217  m at its highest point . Less than 100 meters west of Eggøyodden , the south-western tip of Eggøya, lies the small rocky island Eggøykalven .

History of origin

Geologically, Eggøya is one of the youngest parts of Jan Mayen. According to Pall Imsland, today's peninsula was created a few hundred years ago by a volcanic eruption that took place two kilometers from the then coast below sea level. The resulting Tuff -cone was not immediately connected to Jan Mayen. Until the 19th century, Eggøya was an island that was directly in front of the coast in the Rekvedbukta area, as Joan Blaeu's map from 1662 shows. William Scoresby , to whom many geographical names can be traced back to Jan Mayen, still represented Eggøya as an island on his map in 1820. He even gave the cape opposite it on Jan Mayen a name: Cape Brodrick, today the name of the eastern cape of the Eggøya peninsula. According to Pall Imsland, the Røysflya and Laguneflya lava fields , which make up today's flat hinterland of Eggøya, were only created by the eruptions at Dagnyhaugen in 1732 and 1818. The narrow channel between Jan Mayen and Eggøya was soon filled with sand by the sea.

Recent geological studies see Eggøya as the site of the eruption of 1732. Like Imsland, the authors assume a Surtseyan eruption in the shallow water off the coast of Jan Mayen. The ash ejected from a total of 0.302 to 0.0404 km² covered large parts of the island and also settled on the Røysflya and Laguneflya lava fields, which shows that the eruption of Eggøya is more recent than that of Dagnyhaugen. From the distribution of the ash, it can be concluded that part of it fell on snow, which suggests that the eruption occurred in spring. This fits in with the report by Hamburg captain Jacob Jacobsen Laab, according to which the eruption of 1732 began on May 17th and emitted large amounts of ash into the atmosphere that would have "filled the deck of the ship quite thickly" at a distance of 15 miles . The Eyer Eylandt of Vogel klippen on Blau 's map from 1662 is therefore not identical to today's Eggøya and was already completely eroded when the Eggøya peninsula appeared on the maps in the late 18th century.

Today's volcanic activity

The fact that Eggøya is still volcanically active today is shown by the steam that emerges from the crevices of the crater. During the 1971 eruption, which took place on the northeast flank of Beerenberg , ash and sulfur were added to the steam, leaving black and yellow stains on Eggøya's snow.

Historical maps

  • Eyer Island Eylandt of Vogel klippen (Old Dutch ) on Joan Blaeus map (1662)

  • Scoresby's 1820 map of Egg Island

  • Carl Vogt 1863: The island becomes a peninsula, initially via a narrow land connection

  • The Eierinsel on the German-language map from 1878 created by Henrik Mohn after the Norwegian North Sea expedition is already a peninsula.

  • EGG ISLAND on the Wohlgemuth map from 1886

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ In Gjerløw's view, this means “German miles”. The distance of the ship would then have been 111 km.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Henrik Mohn: Contributions to the Geography and Natural History of the Northern Regions of Europe, derived from observations made on the Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition (1876–1878) . Grøndahl, Christiania 1882, p. 5 (Norwegian / English).
  2. ↑ see e.g. E.g. Carl Vogt : North voyage, along the Norwegian coast, to the North Cape, the islands of Jan Mayen and Iceland, on the schooner Joachim Hinrich undertaken during the months of May to October 1861 by Dr. Georg Berna, accompanied by C. Vogt, H. Hasselhorst, A. Greßly and A. Herzen . Carl Jügel, Frankfurt am main 1863, p. 294 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ Sailing Directions (Enroute): North and West Coasts of Norway (PDF; 6.9 MB), Pub. 182, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Springfield, Virginia 2015, p. 242.
  4. ↑ Pall Imsland: The geology of the volcanic island Jan Mayen (PDF; 4.5 MB). Nordic Volcanological Institute Report No. 78-13, 1978, p. 40.
  5. ^ William Scoresby: An Account of the Arctic Regions, with a History and Description of the Northern Whale-Fishery . Vol. 1, Archibald Constable and Co., Edinburgh 1820, p. 166
  6. ↑ Kapp Brodrick . In: The Place Names of Svalbard (first edition 1942). Norsk Polarinstitutt , Oslo 2001, ISBN 82-90307-82-9 (English, Norwegian).
  7. ↑ Pall Imsland: The geology of the volcanic island Jan Mayen (PDF; 4.5 MB). Nordic Volcanological Institute Report No. 78-13, 1978, p. 44.
  8. ↑ Eggøya in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
  9. ↑ a b Eirik Gjerløw, Armann Höskuldsson, Rolf-Birger Pedersen: The 1732 Surtseyan eruption of Eggøya, Jan Mayen, North Atlantic: deposits, distribution, chemistry and chronology. In: Bulletin of Volcanology 77 (2), Art. 14, 2015. doi : 10.1007 / s00445-014-0895-6
  10. ↑ Johann Anderson: News from Iceland, Greenland, and the Davis Strait, for the True Good of Science and Action . Georg Christian Grund, Hamburg 1746, p. 8–9 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  11. ^ Krzysztof Birkenmajer: Geology of Jan Mayen Island and Surroundings. An overview . In: Stig Skreslet (Ed.): Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus . NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Oslo, November 11-15, 2003. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, ISBN 978-1-4020-2956-1 , pp. 13-26 .