Ice hockey statistics
As in most professional sports, statistics are kept in ice hockey . These serve primarily to be able to assess the performance of players and teams more precisely on the basis of mathematical facts. The system used in most ice hockey leagues today was developed in North America . Although the most important data are always developed in the same way, there are differences in the type and scope of the statistics available.
Determination of the statistical data
The basis for the statistics is the data recorded by the so-called scorekeepers during the game. These officials , known as off-ice officials in the American-speaking world , record all important data such as goal scorers, assistants, shots on goal, penalties and much more on a so-called scoresheet , a standardized form. After the game, the referee must check and sign this form. From this moment on, the dates are considered official and cannot be changed without a valid reason.
Outfield player
The statistics used today for outfield players evolved from a simple record of goals scored. Although the points scored are still the most important statistical data, especially for strikers, today there is a multitude of other key data in professional ice hockey. In the 1950s, the Montréal Canadiens began to keep plus / minus statistics in order to be able to better assess the defensive qualities of a striker. In addition, a player is always credited with a plus if he was on the ice at the time a goal was scored (unless it is a power play goal). Conversely, he receives a minus for every goal conceded.
In addition, however, in many leagues, the shots of the players are also counted in order to be able to determine his shooting efficiency. The skills in the face- off circle are also recorded statistically. In the National Hockey League and some other leagues, the ice age of the players is also recorded, but such records already require a large number of so-called scorekeepers, so these statistics are by no means a standard.
Abbreviations and formulas
| abbreviation | meaning | Alternative abbreviations | formula |
|---|---|---|---|
| GP | Games played (completed missions) | Sp (games) | - |
| G | Goals ( goals ) | T (gates) | - |
| A. | Assists | V (templates) | - |
| Pts | Points | P | Goals + assists |
| PIM | Penalties in minutes | St | - |
| PAVG | Penalty minutes on average | - | Penalty minutes / games |
| +/- | Plus minus | PM | - |
| PPG | Powerplay goals (Powerplay goals) | PPT | - |
| PPA | Powerplay assists (Powerplay templates) | PPV | - |
| SHG | Shorthanded goals ( outnumbered gates ) | SHT | - |
| SHA | Shorthanded assists (shorthanded assists) | SHV | - |
| GWG | Game winning goals | ST | - |
| GTG | Gametying goals (goals to tie) | - | - |
| FG | First goals | - | - |
| SO-CALLED | Shots on goal | Shots | - |
| SSG | Shots stopped by goalkeeper | - | - |
| SG% | Scoring efficiency | S% | Goals / shots on goal |
| FO | Face-Offs ( Bullies ) | BU | - |
| FO + | Face-Offs won (bullies won) | FOW, BU + | - |
| FO- | Face-Offs lost (lost bullies) | FOL, BU- | - |
| FO% | Face-Off percentage (Bullie percentage) | - | won bullies / bullies |
| TOI | Time on ice (ice age) | - | - |
| Sh | Shifts | - | - |
| ATOI | Average time on ice (average ice time per game) | - | Ice age / completed games |
| Sh / GP | Shifts per game (shifts per game) | - | Shifts / completed missions |
goalkeeper
Various statistics have also been developed over time for goalkeepers . The simplest statistics are kept in the form of records of wins and losses. The average goal conceded was determined very early in the National Hockey League , which is calculated from the game minutes and goals conceded by a goalkeeper. To do this, the total playing time is divided by 60 (the length of a game without overtime or penalty shootout ). The number of goals conceded is then divided by the number obtained so that an average value can be calculated for the goals received per game.
A little later, the so-called Save Percentage was added. For this purpose, the number of shots saved by the goalkeeper (saves) is divided by the total number of shots fired at him (shots on goal). The result shows the number of shots held as a percentage. This statistic is generally considered to be the more important statistic for the goalkeeper as it also takes into account the number of shots, while the goal conceded is more dependent on the defensive performance of the team.
Abbreviations and formulas
| abbreviation | meaning | Alternative abbreviations | formula |
|---|---|---|---|
| GKD | Goalkeeper dressed (Goalie on the game report) | - | - |
| GP | Games played | GPI (Games played indeed), Sp (Games) | - |
| MIP | Minutes played | Min (minutes) | - |
| GA | Goals against | GT (goals conceded) | - |
| ATM | Goals against average (Gegentorschnitt) | GTS (conceded goal) | (Goals conceded * 60) / minutes of play |
| SO-CALLED | Shots on goal | SA (Shots against), SaT (Shots on goal) | - |
| SVS | Saves (held shots) | SV (saves), SGH (saves) | - |
| SVS% | Save percentage (catch quota) | SV%, SPCT, PCT, SGH% | Saved shots / shots on goal |
| SO | Shutouts | - | - |
| W. | Wins (won games) | - | - |
| L. | (Regular) losses (games lost in regular time) | RL (regular losses) | - |
| T | Ties (draw) | U | - |
| OTL | Overtime and / or shootout losses (losses in overtime or penalty shootout) | - | - |
| PPGA | Powerplay goals against (Powerplay goals against) | - | - |
| SHGA | Shorthanded goals against | - | - |
Team statistics
In addition to the data of the individual players, the team performance as a whole is statistically recorded. The so-called "goalkeeping" is the sum of all goalkeepers of a team and also includes the empty net goals . In the opposite case, "Scoring Efficiency" is the sum of all field players. The most important team statistics are kept for the game in outnumbered ( power play ) and outnumbered (penalty killing). However, the way these statistics are compiled is by no means uniform.
The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) uses the same system used in the NHL for the special team statistics of the Ice Hockey World Championships , which is also the most widespread in the various national leagues. One possibility to achieve a powerplaytor is called "Powerplay-Opportunity" or "Advantage". Each opponent's penalty (unless one of your own players receives one or you are already outnumbered) is counted as a power play opportunity. An exception to this is a large bench penalty (5-minute penalty): here one power play option is always counted more than goals were scored, since the player serving the penalty does not return to the ice after conceding the goal and thus the majority game continues. In order to determine the power play efficiency, the overpaid goals achieved are then divided by the number of power play opportunities. The result is shown as a percentage.
In some leagues, however, the number of power plays is determined based on the amount of time that a team plays in excess. To do this, this time is divided by two minutes (the duration of a small bank fine). Then the power play goals are divided by the result of this calculation, the result is again shown as a percentage. Examples of this type of calculation are the Finnish SM-liiga and the second division, the Mestis .
The results of the two calculation methods generally differ from one another, as the number of actual power play options is higher than the number of power plays calculated over time. This is mainly due to the fact that small bank fines are suspended in the event of a goal. However, this does not matter that much as the ranking of the teams remains essentially the same.
Abbreviations and formulas
| abbreviation | meaning | Alternative abbreviations | Formula / explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Power play | |||
| ADV | Advantages (power play opportunities) | PPs, ÜZ (majority games) | - |
| EA | Extra attacker | An additional field player who is sent on the ice for the goalkeeper. | |
| PPGF | Powerplay goals (Powerplay goals) | PPT | - |
| PP% | Power play percentage (power play efficiency) | - | Powerplay goals / superiority games |
| TPP | Time on power play | - | - |
| M: S | Minutes: seconds (time per power player) | - | Time in excess / power play goals |
| SHGA | Shorthaned goals against (outnumbered goals conceded) | SHGT (shorthanded goals conceded) | - |
| Penalty killing | |||
| DVG | Disadvantages (undernumbered games) | SHs | - |
| PPGA | Powerplay goals against (Powerplay goals against) | PPGT | - |
| PK% | Penaltykilling percentage (underpayment efficiency) | - | Power play goals conceded / undernumbered games |
| TSH | Time shorthanded (shorthanded time) | - | - |
| M: S | Minutes: seconds (time per power play goal) | - | Time outnumbered / power play goals conceded |
| SHGF | Shorthanded goals for | SHT | - |
More team statistics
In American hockey in particular, additional statistics are used to record team performance. The 5 on 5 Goals For / Against Ratio (abbreviated 5-5 F / A ) is used to record the efficiency of a team in a game of equal strength, i.e. without outnumbered or outnumbered. For this purpose, the number of even strength goals scored is divided by the number of goals received. If the result is greater than one, there is a positive efficiency.
In addition, situation-dependent statistics are often created. Percentages are calculated on how many cases the team wins, for example when they score the first goal or lead after the first or second period or are behind. These statistics are commonly known as the team record .
In the NHL there are also records of the so-called Outshooting . Games are recorded in which a team wins although they have fired fewer shots on goal than the opponent.
Goalkeeping and Scoring Efficiency
The defense or attack efficiency of a team is also determined with the so-called goalkeeping or scoring efficiency , which essentially represent extensions or sums of the individual statistics.
Goalkeeping is the sum of all goalkeepers in the team and the empty net goals received . For example, if a team receives three goals in the presence of a goalkeeper and an empty net goal, four goals conceded and one shot on goal are counted for goalkeeping in addition to the goalkeeper statistics. It also takes into account the entire length of the game, not just the goalkeeper's playing time. The key values of this statistic are the catch rate and the average goal conceded, which are determined in the same way as for the goalkeeper.
The scoring efficiency is the reverse of this statistic for the opposing team. As with the individual statistics of the field players, the goals scored are divided by the number of shots fired. The scoring efficiency of one team and the goalkeeping catch quota of the other team always result in 100 percent.
Definitions of individual terms
In order to determine a uniform determination of the base values for the statistics, some terms were given a precise definition. The most important are listed below:
- Shot on goal and save : A shot on goal is any shot that would result in a goal in the absence of a goalkeeper. The strength of the shot or the intention are irrelevant. If a field player blocks a shot, this shot attempt does not count as a shot on goal. A shot held by the goalkeeper that would have passed the goal without the goalkeeper's intervention is also not counted. In empty net situations, by definition, there can only be as many shots on goal as there are goals.
- Game-winning goal : The game-winning goal is the last goal your team scored with more goals than their opponents. All other goals would have been "not necessary" to win. For example, if a team wins 7-3 , their fourth goal is the gamewinning goal - regardless of the score at that point in time.
Others
In some cases, the inconsistent names cause confusion for the reader. For example, the term "conceded outnumbered goal" can stand for a goal conceded in which the own or the opposing team is outnumbered. The situation is similar with the abbreviation SA for the goalkeepers, which actually means shots against , but which is sometimes used to mean saves . In some leagues the average goal conceded by a goalkeeper is calculated incorrectly, since the calculation does not use the minutes of play but the number of bets. This regularly leads to extremely low goals conceded by the backup goalkeepers, as they often have a lot of stakes but only a few minutes of play.
swell
- NCAA statistics manual (English; PDF file; 70 kB)
- Official IIHF gamesheet (English; PDF file; 69 kB)