Elongation factor

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An elongation factor is a protein that controls the middle phase of the production of proteins in living beings (the elongation ' elongation '). It is involved in the synthesis of proteins during translation .

Examples

Examples of elongation factors are EF-G and EF-Ts in prokaryotes and eEF-1 and eEF-2 in eukaryotes .

regulation

The diphtheria toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and the exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibit EF-2. Erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics, as well as fusidic acid, inhibit EF-G. Kirromycin and enacyloxin inhibit EF-Tu-GDP on the ribosome . Pulvomycin and GE2270 A inhibit the binding of EF-Tu-GTP to the aminoacyl-tRNA .

In mammalian cells , regulation via phosphorylation takes place more frequently in translation; H. also of elongation factors, proteins involved. The eEF2 kinase is responsible for the phosphorylation of eEF-2. The regulation of this kinase is no longer possible in cells without PDK1.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ TO Sasikumar, WB Perez, TG Kinzy: The many roles of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 complex. In: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA. Volume 3, number 4, 2012 Jul-Aug, pp. 543-555, doi: 10.1002 / wrna.1118 , PMID 22555874 , PMC 3374885 (free full text).
  2. ↑ G. Kaul, G. Pattan, T. Rafeequi: Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF2): its regulation and peptide chain elongation. In: Cell biochemistry and function. Volume 29, Number 3, April 2011, pp. 227-234, doi: 10.1002 / cbf.1740 , PMID 21394738 .
  3. ↑ GG Zhanel, M. Dueck, DJ Hoban, LM Vercaigne, JM Embil, AS Gin, JA Karlowsky: Review of macrolides and ketolides: focus on respiratory tract infections. In: Drugs. Volume 61, Number 4, 2001, pp. 443-498, PMID 11324679 .
  4. ↑ P. Fernandes: Fusidic Acid: A Bacterial Elongation Factor Inhibitor for the Oral Treatment of Acute and Chronic Staphylococcal Infections. In: Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine. Volume 6, number 1, January 2016, p. A025437, doi: 10.1101 / cshperspect.a025437 , PMID 26729758 .
  5. ^ A b A. Parmeggiani, P. Nissen: Elongation factor Tu-targeted antibiotics: four different structures, two mechanisms of action. In: FEBS letters. Volume 580, number 19, August 2006, pp. 4576-4581, doi: 10.1016 / j.febslet.2006.07.039 , PMID 16876786 .
  6. Jump up ↑ Xuemin Wang, Wei Li, Michayla Williams, Naohiro Terada, Dario R. Alessi: Regulation of elongation factor 2 kinase by p90RSK1 and p70 S6 kinase . In: The EMBO Journal . tape 20 , no. 16 , August 15, 2001, ISSN  0261-4189 , p. 4370–4379 , doi : 10.1093 / emboj / 20.16.4370 , PMID 11500364 , PMC 125559 (free full text) - ( embopress.org [accessed November 22, 2018]).