Epidermal growth factor
| Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) | ||
|---|---|---|
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| 3D ligament model of EGF (mouse) ( PDB 1EGF ) | ||
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Available structural data : Human: 1JL9 , 1IVO and 1NQL in complex with EGFR ; Mouse: 1EGF , 3EGF , 1EPG , 1EPH , 1EPI , 1EPJ ; human EGF / TGF- α Chimera: 1P9J ; synthetic: 1A3P |
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| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 53 aa; 6.2 kDa | |
| Precursor | Pro-EGF (1185 aa; 131.6 kDa) | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene names | EGF ; URG | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Euteleostomi | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | mouse | |
| Entrez | 1950 | 13645 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000138798 | ENSMUSG00000028017 |
| UniProt | P01133 | Q3UWD7 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001963 | NM_010113 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_001954 | NP_034243 |
| Gene locus | Chr 4: 111.05 - 111.15 Mb | Chr 3: 129.67 - 129.75 Mb |
| PubMed search | 1950 |
13645
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The Epidermal growth factor ( engl. Epidermal growth factor , EGF ) is a polypeptide , which at the initiation of mitosis occurs as a signaling molecule. It stimulates the formation of a number of cell types ( growth factor ), which is why it is also used in cell culture .
The EGF protein works in conjunction with a number of receptors that come together under the family name Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFRs). These are mostly binding proteins on the cell surface. So far, four closely related receptors are known, which are referred to as Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1 HER1, (also known as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor or EGFR), HER2 , HER3 and HER4. The interaction of the EGF protein with its precursor proteins and receptor proteins is one of the best-studied signal transduction pathways in cancer research. The genetic information of EGF is encoded on chromosome 4 .
Medical importance
The monoclonal antibody cetuximab binds to the HER1 receptor and thus prevents the binding of EGF. Cetuximab, as well as panitumumab , are used in the treatment of colon cancer and head and neck cancer .
The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab binds to the HER2 receptor and thus prevents the binding of EGF. Trastuzumab is used to treat breast cancer . About 30% of breast cancers are HER2 / neu positive.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jane E. Brissenden, Axel Ullrich, Uta Francke: Human chromosomal mapping of genes for insulin-like growth factors I and II and epidermal growth factor. In: Nature . Vol. 310, No. 5980, 1984, pp. 781-784, doi : 10.1038 / 310781a0 .
- ↑ Elena V. Semina et al .: Exclusion of epidermal growth factor and high-resolution physical mapping across the Rieger syndrome locus. In: The American Journal of Human Genetics . Vol. 59, No. 6, 1996, pp. 1288-1296, PMC 1914874 (free full text).
Web links
- Human Protein Reference Database: EGF (English)
- Genecards: Epidermal Growth Factor (English)