Natural gas in Israel

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Israeli gas fields

For a long time, Israel was dependent on imports for natural gas . It only became independent of these imports with offshore production in the Mediterranean and will start exporting from 2017. Israel had 285,000,000,000 m³ of proven reserves in 2014.

history

For a long time Israel was dependent on imports for fossil fuels (crude oil, natural gas, coal). After the Six Day War with its Arab neighbors in 1967, Israel came into possession of a small gas field off the Gaza Strip .

In the late 1990s, the government decided to encourage the use of natural gas for environmental, cost and resource diversification reasons. At the time, however, there were hardly any domestic natural gas sources. The natural gas was to be imported from abroad, primarily through the Arish Ashkelon pipeline from Egypt. Plans for gas-powered power plants, a national gas distribution network and an import terminal have been drawn up.

Soon after, major gas fields were found within Israeli Mediterranean territory. This has greatly intensified the use of natural gas in the Israeli economy, especially in power generation and industrial electronics.

At the end of March 2004, Mari-B, the first Israeli offshore gas field, went into operation. As was the case with the Noa gas field, which went into operation in 2012, it is funded via the Yam Tethys platform.

In February 2008, the Arish Ashkelon pipeline went into operation. 1.7 billion m³ of natural gas should be exported to Israel annually through this pipeline. In 2010, the pipeline supplied about half of the natural gas consumed in Israel, the other half came from domestic production. The capacity of the pipeline is 9 billion cubic meters annually. After several attacks on the pipelines on the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt stopped gas supplies to Israel in 2012. As a replacement, the Hadera floating LNG terminal was built within a very short time , with which Israel imports up to 2.5 billion m³ of LNG per year.

By 2009, four deposits had been discovered in Israeli Mediterranean waters. A total of 3.5 trillion m³ of gas in the Levant Basin of the Mediterranean is believed to be shared by several countries, including Cyprus.

Production from the Noa North gas field began on June 21, 2012. The natural gas is extracted from a water depth of 780 meters and directed via the Mari-B facilities to Ashkelon.

From the gas field "Tamar" Israel supports 2,013 natural gas, which for further processing in the southern Israeli city since March 30, Ashdod is headed. With this funding, Israel was able to compensate for the import shortfalls from Egypt and has become independent of natural gas imports.

In the medium term, the aim is to become an exporter of natural gas with the production from the Leviathan field . In cooperation with Cyprus, natural gas is also to be exported to Europe as liquid gas.

At the beginning of 2016, the strategic cooperation between Israel, Greece and Cyprus started with a meeting. The aim is to promote natural gas reserves, connect the electricity grids of the three countries and establish military cooperation in the eastern Mediterranean. At the beginning of March 2016, a joint maneuver ("Onisilos-Gideon 1-2016") was carried out by the Israeli air force and the Cypriot armed forces.

In January 2017, Israel began delivering natural gas to Jordan. Due to political tensions, the first delivery contract for gas exports from Israel is handled by the American company NBL Eastern Mediterranean Marketing.

On February 20, 2018, it was announced that the Egyptian company "Dolphinus" intends to purchase 64 billion cubic meters of gas from the Tamar and Leviathan fields for around 12 billion euros over the next ten years. Delivery started on January 15, 2020

Gas fields

The following natural gas fields are known in Israel :

Gas field Discovered Promotion since To Estimated size in billions of cubic meters location Funding companies
Mari-B March 2000 Late March 2004 28 Mediterranean Sea, west of Ashkelon and east of Noa North Noble Energy (47.06%), Delek Group (29.94%), Avner Oil (23%)
Noa North 1999 June 23, 2012 2.3 Mediterranean Sea, west of Ashkelon and west of Mari-B Delek Group (52.9%) and Noble Energy (47.1%)
Tamar 2009 March 30, 2013 282 Mediterranean Sea, 90 km west of Haifa Noble Energy (36%), Isramco Negev (28.75%), Delek Drilling (15.625%), Avner Oil Exploration (15.625%), Dor Gas Exploration (4%)
Leviathan 2010 December 31, 2019 621 Mediterranean Sea, 130 km west of Haifa, 47 km south-west of the Tamarfeld Delek Group and Noble Energy
Dalit 2009 not in use 25th
Dolphin 2011 not in use 2.5
Tanin 2012 not in use 35 Mediterranean Sea, 110 km west of Nahariya , northeast of the Leviathan Field
Shimshon 2012 not in use Mediterranean Sea, 91 km northwest of Ashdod Sramco 60%, ATP 40%
Karish March 16, 2013 not in use 50.3 Mediterranean Sea, 80 km west of Nahariya , east of the Tanin Field

statistics

Natural gas production

Planned delivery rate * Source:

Natural gas consumption

Source:

Forecast of natural gas consumption in Israel
2018 * 2020 * 2022 * 2024 * 2026 * 2028 * 2030 *
10.1 11.1 11.7 13 14.3 15.3 16.8
Mass in billions of cubic meters (BCM) by year . * Forecast

Power plants

In Israel, 5 power plants convert natural gas into electricity:

  • Dalia, 2 km southeast of Kfar Menahem in the Joav regional administration, with an output of 870 megawatts.
  • Dorad in Ashkelon, Israel, with an output of 840 megawatts.
  • Eshkol in the northern industrial zone of Ashdod with an output of 145 megawatts.
  • Mischor Rotem in Dimona , a former oil power plant, has been in operation since summer 2013 with an output of 440 megawatts
  • Reading D northwest of Tel Aviv, with 2 blocks each with 214 megawatts of power

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2253rank.html#is , accessed on December 10, 2016
  2. ↑ http://www.energy-pedia.com/news/israel/noble-energy-begins-offshore-production , accessed on December 10, 2016
  3. ↑ http://www.israelnetz.com/wirtschaft/detailansicht/aktuell/beobachtung-erdoelland-israel-96236/ , accessed on December 10, 2016
  4. ^ Hadera Deepwater LNG Terminal , Excelerate Energy
  5. ↑ Hans-Christian Rößler: Suddenly a gas exporter. , faz.net, May 20, 2014, accessed May 20, 2014.
  6. ↑ AP / ere: Geopolitics: Israel's Problems with Its New Gas Abundance. In: welt.de . March 31, 2013, accessed October 7, 2018 .
  7. ↑ http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/noble-brings-noa-north-gas-field-on-stream-israel/ , accessed on December 4, 2016.
  8. ↑ Israel is now a natural gas nation on www.taz.de 2014
  9. ↑ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-03-30/israel-begins-gas-production-at-tamar-field-in-boost-to-economy , English, accessed on December 10 2016
  10. ↑ Susanne Götze : “We are not an emirate” , interview with Ron Adam, zeit.de, April 1, 2015, accessed on April 2, 2015
  11. ↑ http://www.israelnetz.com/wirtschaft/detailansicht/aktuell/beobachtung-erdoelland-israel-96236/ , accessed on December 10, 2016
  12. ↑ Israelnetz.de from 2o. February 2018: Israel and Egypt sign gas agreements
  13. ↑ Israelnetz.de from 2o. February 2018: Israel and Egypt sign gas agreements
  14. ↑ Israel begins delivering natural gas to Egypt. Israelnetz.de , January 15, 2020, accessed on January 20, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Israel's Natural Gas Bonanza ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Energy Tribune . Edited on September 8, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.energytribune.com
  16. ↑ http://www.gulfoilandgas.com/webpro1/main/mainnews.asp?id=249 , accessed on December 9, 2016
  17. ↑ http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-1000759514 , accessed December 4, 2016.
  18. ↑ http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/noble-brings-noa-north-gas-field-on-stream-israel/ , accessed on December 4, 2016.
  19. ↑ Robin Beckwith: Israel's Gas Bonanza . In: Journal of Petroleum Technology . March 2011, p. 46. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  20. ↑ http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/Israel/Wirtschaft_node.html , accessed on June 1, 2017
  21. ↑ Israel starts new gas production in the Mediterranean. Israelnetz.de , January 2, 2020, accessed on January 11, 2020 .
  22. ↑ http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/Israel/Wirtschaft_node.html , accessed on June 1, 2017
  23. ↑ Koby Yeshayahou: Dolphin gas field estimate cut by 85% . In: Globes , February 12, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012. 
  24. ↑ http://www.delekdrilling.co.il/en/project/karish-and-tanin , accessed December 10, 2016
  25. ↑ http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-1000770675 , accessed December 4, 2016
  26. ↑ http://www.delekdrilling.co.il/en/project/karish-and-tanin , accessed December 10, 2016
  27. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated February 18, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , The Natural Gas Sector in Israel, an Economic Survey, January 2017, written by Yaniv Bar, in Bank Leumi .il, accessed on July 21, 2018, English @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / english.leumi.co.il
  28. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated February 18, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , The Natural Gas Sector in Israel, an Economic Survey, January 2017, written by Yaniv Bar, in Bank Leumi .il, accessed April 2, 2018, English @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / english.leumi.co.il
  29. ↑ Delivery system . Israel Natural Gas Lines, Ltd .. Retrieved on March 24, 2012.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ingl.co.il