peanut butter
Peanut butter , also known as peanut cream , peanut butter or peanut paste , is a high- energy spread whose main ingredient is ground peanuts .
description
Together with (mostly hydrogenated ) vegetable oil (often rapeseed oil , cottonseed oil , palm oil or palm kernel oil ), salt and sugar , the peanuts form a homogeneous, spreadable mass. The fat content of peanut butter is very high due to the large peanut and oil content. Peanut butter contains in average of 2500 kJ (600 kcal ) per 100 g, and is rich in vitamins E and H .
Peanut butter is used by many manufacturers in the production of confectionery and baked goods . The spread can be found in cakes, cookies, donuts and chocolate bars, among other things . Peanut butter can also be found in birdseed production: It is used as a binding agent in so-called food dumplings and seed sticks, which are used by wild birds as a source of food.
The "invention" of peanut butter is often attributed to George Washington Carver , who discovered 105 new uses for the peanut, or John Harvey Kellogg , who was looking for a nutritious food for his toothless patients and in 1895 applied for a patent for the peanut flour he developed . But there is at least one older patent from the Canadian Marcellus G. Edson from 1884 for a similar product, and as early as 1890 a certain George A. Bayle Jr. is said to have been selling cask butter .
As early as 1783, CL Schumann's handwritten dictionary mentions the word Pinda cheese (Pinda = peanut), which stands for a Surinamese dish “Pinda-Dokunnu”. This dish did not contain peanut mass in a spreadable form, but was rather firm.
In 1872 the word pindakaas (until today the Dutch word for peanut butter) was used for spreadable peanut paste in the export statistics of De West-Indiër , a newspaper of the Dutch colonies there .
variants
In the trade, the variants are coarse ( crunchy ) and fine ( creamy ). There are also various other versions, some of which are not available in German-speaking countries. Including very coarse ( extra crunchy ) and variants with a reduced fat content or additives such as honey , caramel and cocoa .
Dutch peanut butter differs from American peanut butter in that it tastes more savory than sweet.
Pureed peanuts without any added oil or sugar (only salt is used) are called peanut butter . However, this designation is not protected by German or European law.
distribution
Peanut butter is particularly popular in North America , the Netherlands and parts of Asia, especially the Philippines and Indonesia , where it is part of many dishes. Peanut spread is also very common in the UK , Australia and South Africa .
In North America, for example, the peanut butter and jelly sandwich , a sandwich made with peanut butter and fruit jelly, is popular. A sandwich made from white bread with peanut butter and marshmallow cream ( fluff ) is known mainly in the New England states of the USA as fluff food .
Plumpy'nut is an energy-rich paste made from peanut butter, milk powder, oil and sugar for the treatment of moderate malnutrition in the humanitarian aid sector.
In the Dutch language, peanut butter is called “pindakaas” (literally “peanut cheese”) and is therefore linguistically an exception in Europe. The reason for this is that only products that actually contain butter are allowed to have the word butter in their name under Dutch law. When the company Calve 1948 for the first time offered peanut butter in the Dutch market, the product therefore "cheese" was called, a term that already for some products such as "leverkaas" ( meat loaf ) and "hoofdkaas" ( brawn was used) (also not Contained cheese) and which was also the name for pressed peanut mass in the former Dutch colony of Suriname .
Legal regulations
According to European law, the term butter may actually only be used for milk products , but peanut butter is one of the numerous exceptions to this rule, so the term is permissible.
In the United States, by law , peanut butter must contain at least 90% peanut ingredients and no more than 55% fat. Seasonings and stabilizers are allowed as additives, artificial flavors and sweeteners , chemical preservatives and artificial food colors are prohibited.
In the European Union there are no requirements regarding the peanut or fat content. In the organic food trade , however, a distinction is made between peanut butter and peanut butter . While following the common practice here Erdnussmus is either 100% of peanuts as the only other ingredient table salt contains, in peanut butter and other ingredients contained. However, these designations are not protected by German or European law.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ George Washington Carver : How to Grow the Peanut and 105 Ways of Preparing it for Human Consumption (= Tuskegee Institute Experimental Station Bulletin . No. 31 ). 1916.
- ↑ US Patent # 580787 (English) . Retrieved December 26, 2010.
- ↑ US Patent # 306727 (English) . Retrieved December 26, 2010.
- ↑ J. van Donselaar: Pindakaas, een oud woord uit Suriname . In: Trefwoord, tijdschrift voor lexicografie . October 2005 ( fryske-akademy.nl [PDF; 32 kB ; accessed on January 14, 2016]). fryske-akademy.nl ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Statistics , in: De West-Indiër , October 20, 1872.
- ↑ Regulation (EC) No. 1234/2007 of the Council of October 22, 2007 on a common organization of agricultural markets and with special provisions for certain agricultural products (Regulation on the single CMO), Annex XII, Section IV (p. 106) in conjunction with the Commission decision of 20 December 2010 laying down the list of products […], Annex I.
- ↑ 21 CFR § 164.150 Peanut butter. In: Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. US Government Publishing Office, accessed January 14, 2016 .
- ↑ Frauke Werner: Peanut enjoyment with the organic plus. In: Schrot & Korn. October 2012, accessed October 28, 2014 .
