First request

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Every emperor of the Holy Roman Empire was entitled to the so-called Ius primariarum precum . This right of first petitions was not based on a papal bestowal, but on tradition and was exercised since the 13th century. It meant that, on the occasion of his coronation , the emperor had the right to fill the first prebend at each pen in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The person named by the emperor and recorded in a pen was referred to as a Prezist , the collation as Preces primariæ . It was open to the Prezist to accept the first vacant position or to wait until another candidate for the pencil for which he had a Preces became available. However, the emperor not only ordered Prezisten to cathedral chapters , but also to collegiate monasteries , monasteries and convents.

In foreign dictionaries at the beginning of the 20th century, the term Precist was explained as a word formation from Neo-Latin, which was alien to the Latin spoken by the Romans. Regarding the origin, it was noted: From Latin prex , genitive prexis , meaning “please”. The term “Precist” was used to designate a so-called supplicant . The female form is Precistin and was used for the nunnery who received a position in the women's monastery on the basis of a request from the Prussian queen.

The imperial right of the first request (s) was also exercised by the “Royal Majesty of Prussia”. The lawyers of the time did not agree on whether this right was only applicable to female pens . Princes also had the right to exceptionally fill certain positions in monasteries and cathedral chapters. Prussian queens, as “royal majesties”, also used the right of the first request (s) “Jus primarum (primariarum) precum”, e.g. B. when filling a vacancy in noble ladies' pens.

literature

  • Paul Hinschius : The canon law of the Catholics and Protestants in Germany. I. Guttentag, Berlin 1869, § 129 b ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Heinrich von Srbik : To the ius primariarum precum . In: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History KA, 4, 1914, pp. 486–497 ( digitized version ).
  • Hanns Bauer: The right of the first request to the German kings except for Charles IV (= canonical treatises, H. 94). Stuttgart 1919.
  • Hans Erich Feine : Pope, first petitions and accession to government of the emperor since the end of the Middle Ages. In: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History KA, 20, 1931, pp. 1–101.
  • Leo Santifaller : The Preces primariae Maximilians I. Based on the Maximilian registers of the Viennese house, court and state archives . In: Leo Santifaller (Hrsg.): Festschrift to celebrate the bicentenary of the house, court and state archives , communications from the Austrian State Archives - supplementary volume 2/1. Druck und Kommissions-Verlag der Österreichische Staatsdruckerei 1949, pp. 578–661.
  • Anna Hedwig Benna: Preces primariae and Reichshofkanzlei (1559–1806) , in: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchivs, Vol. 5, Vienna 1952; Pp. 87-102.
  • Franz-Josef Heyen : The imperial first petitions for pens of the Archdiocese of Trier from Ferdinand I to Franz II (1531–1792) . In: Festschrift for Alois Thomas. Archaeological, church and art history contributions. On completion of the 70th year of life on January 18, 1966 , self-published by the diocese archives, Trier 1967, pp. 175–188.
  • Peter Offergeld: First requests (Preces primariae) of German emperors and kings for benefits from the Aachen Marienstift , in: Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtsverein , 93, 1986, pp. 39–86.
  • Paul-Joachim Heinig : Emperor Friedrich III. Preces register for the years 1473–1475 , in: Ex ipsis rerum documentis . Contributions to Medieval Studies. Festschrift for Harald Zimmermann on the occasion of his 65th birthday, ed. by K. Herbers, HH Kortüm, C. Servatius, Sigmaringen 1991, ISBN 3-7995-7072-1 , pp. 135–158 ( full text (PDF)).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johannes Freiherr von Boeselager : The Osnabrück canons of the 18th century (= Osnabrück historical sources and research , volume 28). Osnabrück 1990, pp. 186-187.
  2. ↑ Précist . In: Johann Christian August Heyse : Foreign dictionary with names and accentuation of the words together with precise details of their origin and education . 18th original edition, revised by Otto Lyon . Hahn'sche Buchhandlung , Hanover / Leipzig 1903, p. 689, column 1
  3. ^ Reprint of the 1922 edition; ISBN 3-487-06570-3 .
  4. ↑ Monika Kubrova: From the good life. Noble women in the 19th century . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-05-005001-0 , p. 395, legend .
  5. ↑ Primarium Precum Jus or Jus Primarum Precum . In: Johann Michael Mehlig: Historical Church and Heretic Lexicon: collected from the best writers . Part 2, Chemnitz 1758, p. 429.
  6. ↑ Primarium Precum Jus or Jus Primarum Precum. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 29, Leipzig 1741, column 472-475.
  7. ↑ Jus primarum (primariarum) precum . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 10, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p.  393 .
  8. ↑ Monika Kubrova: From the good life. Noble women in the 19th century . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-05-005001-0 , p. 349.