Euagoras I.

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1 / 10- stater of Euagoras I .: Heracles with lion skin on the obverse , front part of a lying goat on the lapel

Evagoras I. ( Greek Εὐαγόρας Euagoras * to 435 BC.. , † 374 / .. 373 BC ), also Evagoras was a king of the ancient city-state of Salamis in Cyprus .

Euagoras, who was driven into exile after Soloi , returned in 411 BC. BC returned with a crowd of followers, overthrew Abdemon and was able to seize power in Salamis. He was considered a Teukride. He ruled over a city whose population was indigenous and Phoenician . Like all rulers in Cyprus, he was a vassal of the great Persian king. He was also a great admirer of Athens , where he was honored around 407 and perhaps also declared a citizen. In the first half of his reign (411 to 391 BC) he first consolidated his rule - a polis- like structure, however, is not recognizable - in Salamis and even tried to spread his power over the entire island. However, this could not be done without the approval of the Persians. He supported the Athenian Konon , who lived in 405 BC. After the defeat at Aigospotamoi , he found refuge with him while preparing for war against Sparta , which had been declared not only an enemy of the Athenians but also an enemy of Persia. But the Persians refused his request to rule over all of Cyprus for strategic reasons: They did not want Cyprus to be in the hands of a single ruler.

Therefore, in the second half of his reign, there was an anti-Persian revolt (391-380 or 379 BC). He entered into an alliance with Athens and Nepherites I of Egypt . His successor Akoris continued this alliance. Phenicia and Cilicia were temporarily under his protection. However , he was defeated in Kition and then besieged in Salamis. In spite of this, he got back his city kingship, which he continued to rule until he was murdered by the eunuch Thrasydaios . His son and heir to the throne Pnytagoras was killed with him . He was succeeded by another of his sons, Nicocles .

Isocrates stylized Euagoras as a Greek patriot, a staunch fighter against the Persian king and a bringer of culture for the “barbaric” Phoenicians in Cyprus. This positive representation by Isocrates was probably intended as a representation of an ideal and exemplary quality for the son of Euagoras, Nicocles , who showed the beginnings of Hellenistic forms of rule and life.

literature

  • Evangelos Alexiou: The Euagoras of Isocrates. A commentary (= studies on ancient literature and history. Volume 101). De Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-022988-2 .
  • EA Costa: Euagoras I and the Persians . In Historia 23 (1974), pp. 40-56.
  • Peter Krentz: Athenian Politics and Strategy after Kyzikos . In: The Classical Journal 84 (1989), pp. 206-215.

Remarks

  1. ^ Niels Breitenstein: The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum. Part 34: Cyprus-Cappadocia, Uncertain coins, Imperial cistophori (= Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum . Copenhagen 34). Munksgaard, Copenhagen 1956, no.46.
  2. ↑ Isocrates or. 9, 26-32; Diodor 14, 98, 1
  3. ↑ Isocrates or. 9, 53.
  4. ^ Peter Krentz: Athenian Politics and Strategy after Kyzikos. In: The Classical Journal 84 (1989), pp. 206-215
  5. ↑ Diodorus 14, 98, 1
  6. ↑ Isocrates or. 9, 52-56; Xenophon , Hellenika 2,1,29
  7. ↑ Diodorus 14, 98, 1.
  8. ^ Theopompos , FGrH 115 F 103
  9. ↑ Diodorus 15, 2, 3.
  10. ↑ Diodorus 15: 3-3; 15, 8-9, 2.
  11. ↑ Theopompos FGrH 115 F 103, 12.
  12. ↑ Isocrates or. 9.47-51
predecessor Office successor
Abdemon King of Salamis
435-374 / 373 BC Chr. 		Nicocles
personal data
SURNAME Euagoras I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Euagoras
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Salamis in Cyprus
DATE OF BIRTH around 435 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 374/373 BC Chr.