Eurosiberian cultural grassland

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herb-rich economic grassland

The Eurosiberian cultivated grassland ( Molinio-Arrhenatheretea , Tx. 1937 em. Tx. Et Prsg. 1951), also economic grassland or European economic meadows, includes grassland plant communities that are dominated by grasses and grassy species and used for forage or spreading purposes . Defined as a class in the plant sociological units according to Oberdorfer , anthropogenic grassland communities named after Molinia caerulea , moist and fresh areas named after Arrhenatherum elatius are combined, the combination of which also gives the name of the class. The first version comes from Tüxen in 1937, an expanded structure was published in 1951 by Tüxen and Preising .

Origin and Distribution

The core of the Eurosiberian cultivated grasslands lies in Central Europe, presumably originating from the vegetation of the forests , the nitrophilic fringes and the bank areas , spread over a large area as a result of agricultural cultural influences. According to Ellenberg (1996) , the origin of our “fat meadows” is to be found in the high mountains of the temperate zone of Eurasia, where regular avalanches prevented lignified growth despite forest locations and where meadows could develop. In terms of plant sociology, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea is a characteristic class of the Eurosiberian part of the cool temperate (nemoral) zone with wide oceanity (Atlantic to continental) and altitude gradients (planar to alpine). If the use or the deforestation influence is suspended, the Klimaxgesellschaft Laubwald is to be assumed.

Diagnostic types

Ajuga reptans , Alopecurus pratensis , Anthoxanthum odoratum , Briza media , Cardamine pratensis , Centaurea jacea ssp. jacea, Cerastium holosteoides , Colchicum autumnale , Festuca pratensis , Festuca rubra agg., Holcus lanatus , Lathyrus pratensis , Plantago lanceolata , Poa pratensis agg., Poa trivialis , Prunella vulgaris , Ranunculus acris , Ranunculus repens , Rumex acetosa , Stellaria graminea , Taraxacum officinale agg., Trifolium pratense , Trifolium repens , Trollius europaeus , Vicia cracca and others.

Systematics

Meadow with plant communities from the Filipendulo-Geranietum palustris association, Calthion association (nutrient-rich wet meadows) in southern Norway

The orders and associations of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea listed below can, if necessary, be broken down into associations according to the association level.

The division of the Arrhenatheretalia into the suborders Trisetenalia flavescentis (with Arrhenatherion and Polygono-Trisetion) for the mown and Trifolienalia (with Cynosurion and Poion alpinae) for the grazed stands, which Oberdorfer proposed in the Plant-Sociological Excursion Flora (1990), has not prevailed and is no longer used today. Other authors even preferred a separate order Trifolio-Cynosuretalia for the fatty willows.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Hartmut Dierschke, Gottfried Briemle: Kulturgrasland: meadows, pastures and related herbaceous vegetation . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5641-2 .
  2. ^ Theo Müller, Erich Oberdorfer: South German Plant Societies - 3: Economic meadows and weed societies , 3rd edition, Fischer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3334604365 (accessed on August 6, 2012).
  3. ^ A b Anton Ernst Lafenthaler: Vegetation Ecology - Plant Societies: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. 2006, accessed December 22, 2010 .
  4. ↑ Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (=  UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
  5. ↑ a b Frank Klötzli: Vegetation of Europe: the open country in the vegetation-ecological-ecological overview with special consideration of Switzerland , 1st edition. Edition, Ott, Bern 2010, ISBN 978-3-7225-0098-0 .
  6. ↑ Erich Oberdorfer, Angelika Schwabe: Plant-sociological excursion flora: for Germany and neighboring areas . E. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 9783800131310 , p. 37.
  7. ↑ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2 , pp. 38 .