Euscorpiidae

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Euscorpiidae
Euscorpius italicus

Euscorpius italicus

Systematics
Over trunk : Molting animals (Ecdysozoa)
Trunk : Arthropod (arthropoda)
Sub-stem : Jawbearers (Chelicerata)
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Scorpions (Scorpiones)
Family : Euscorpiidae
Scientific name
Euscorpiidae
Laurie , 1896

The Euscorpiidae are a family of scorpions (Scorpiones), the size of which is still controversial today. With Euscorpius , the family contains the only genus of scorpions that is largely restricted to Europe .

description

Scorpions are a morphologically very uniform taxon . For systematic differentiation on a morphological basis, only macroscopically recognizable features such as the number and positioning of the trichobothria of various segments of the scissors-equipped pedipalps and the characteristics of the tooth-like structures of the scissor hands (chela manus) are used. The trichobothria are often specifically named and given letter abbreviations. According to Soleglad & Fet, the Euscorpiidae and the closely related family of the Chactidae are characterized by the following common features:

  • The trichobothrium "it" is located on the scissors hand close to the joint membrane of the movable finger
  • The trichobothria of the hand include the series "eb" to "et", with "eb" being the closest to the fixed finger.
  • "esb" is inclined towards the dorsal edge of the fixed finger
  • The trichobothrium "v3" on the pedipalp patella is located on the proximal side or in the middle of this segment and in each case proximal to the trichobothria "est" and "et3".

Also according to Soleglad & Fet, the Euscorpiidae differ from the Chactidae by the following features:

  • The pedipalp femur trichobothrium "d" is located horizontally in the middle of the segment, not closely adjacent to the outer dorsal keel
  • The scissor fingers have inner auxiliary teeth ("inner accessory denticles" = IAD)
  • The outer teeth of the scissor fingers are separated from the middle row of teeth
  • The scissor hands are flat overall
  • The patellar spores "DPS" and / or "VPS" are clearly pronounced.

Systematics

Until 2003, only the four genera Euscorpius , Megacormus , Plesiochactas and Troglocormus were assigned to the Euscorpiidae . In 2003, Soleglad & Fet presented a revision of the entire Scorpiones order . As part of this revision, the authors also increased the number of genera of the Euscorpiidae to 11 in 3 subfamilies with a total of about 82 species:

The genus Chactopsis had previously been placed in the family Chactidae , the genera of the Scorpiopinae, now run as a subfamily, had been assigned to a separate family Scorpiopidae.

This entire revision of the Scorpiones and thus also of the Euscorpiidae dealt with here was completely rejected by Prendini & Wheeler (2005), among other things, Prendini & Wheeler accused the authors of the revision of massive methodological errors and an often unjustified differentiation of the morphological features used for the systematic assignments in front. The rejection of this revision was again rejected by Fet & Soleglad (2005). Since then, however, the scientific community has been deeply divided over which of the two classifications is correct. In the more recent literature, both systems are presented side by side.

distribution

Of the genera assigned to the family according to Soleglad & Fet or Fet & Soleglad 11, 8 are ancient , the four genera Megacormus , Plesiochactas , Chactopsis and Troglocormus are restricted to the Neotropis . Of the only 4 genera belonging to the family according to Prendini & Wheeler, only one ( Euscorpius ) is ancient, the other three genera Megacormus , Plesiochactas and Troglocormus are neotropical.

With Euscorpius , the family, according to both systematic views, is the only genus of scorpions that is largely restricted to Europe.

Poisonous effect

The types of the family are relatively harmless to humans.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Soleglad, ME & V. Fet (2003): High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni). Euscorpius 11, 2003: pp. 1–175, here p. 82
  2. ^ A b Soleglad, ME & V. Fet (2003): High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni). Euscorpius 11, 2003: pp. 1–175 Online as PDF in several parts
  3. ^ A b Prendini, L. & WC Wheeler: Scorpion higher phylogeny and classification, taxonomic anarchy, and standards for peer review in online publishing. Cladistics 21 (5), 2005: pp. 446-494 Online as PDF
  4. ^ A b Fet, V. & ME Soleglad: Contributions to scorpion systematics. I. On recent changes in high-level taxonomy. Euscorpius 31, 2005: pp. 1-13 Online as PDF
  5. ↑ cf. JO Rein: Higher taxonomy and phylogeny in scorpions. The Scorpion Files, 2010 Online, accessed November 6, 2010
  6. ↑ R. Stockmann & E. Ythier: Scorpions of the World. NAP Editions 2010: pp. 206–212
  7. ↑ R. Stockmann & E. Ythier: Scorpions of the World. NAP Editions 2010
  8. ↑ R. Stockmann & E. Ythier: Scorpions of the World. NAP Editions 2010: pp. 508-531

literature

R. Stockmann & E. Ythier: Scorpions of the World. NAP Editions 2010, ISBN 978-2-913688-11-7

Web links

Commons : Euscorpiidae  - collection of images, videos and audio files