Ewart Park phase

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The Ewart Park phase (1020–800 BC) is one of the three phases of the English Late Bronze Age defined by hoards . It is named after the hoard found at Ewart Park in Ewart ( Doddington ) in Northumberland .

chronology

According to the classical chronology, which was mainly defined by Colin Burgess before radiocarbon dating became generally accepted, the Ewart Park phase (XII) follows the Wilberton (southern England) or Wallington (northern England) phase (XI, 1140-1020 BC) . Chr.) And is replaced by the Early Iron Age Llyn Fawr phase (XIII), named after a hoard found in Glamorgan . Burgess divided the phase into sections 1 and 2, Needham et al. however do not see a clear separation. The Eward Park phase partially overlaps with the earlier Blackmoor Hort horizon. The eponymous hoard for this phase contained both Wilberton and Ewart Park objects. The Ewart Park phase was traditionally dated around 1000–600 BC. BC, but a higher date was suggested even before the first 14C dates. Burgess wants the phase to be 950 / 920–800 BC. To date.

Simultaneous traditions are the Llantwit-Stogursey Tradition in South Wales, the Broadward Complex in the Welsh Marches , the Heathery Burn Tradition in North East England, the Duddington, Covesea and Ballimore Traditions in Scotland, and the Dowris phase of the Late Bronze Age (from 1200 to 500 BC). Chr.) Ireland. The horizon corresponds typologically to the HaB2-3 horizon in Central Europe and BFa 3 (Longueville horizon) in France. Occasionally, typical bronzes of the horizon can also be found in Brittany and northern France, for example in the hoard of Graville-Sainte-Honorine, Le Havre , the Seine-Maritime department or Vénat near Saint-Yrieix-sur-Charente , Charente department . A mutual influence between Ewart Park and Gündlingen swords was assumed by Burgess and Colquhoun, but most authors consider the Ewart Park swords to be older.

Composition of the hoard

Typical findings include grip plate swords , sword scabbard fittings, Tüllenbeile , chisels, sickles and spout laminar grommet spearheads, some with holes basal ( basal loop ). Grommet axes are often decorated with concentric circles, indicating that they are derived from rag axes. Horse harness and carriage fittings appear. During the Ewart Park phase, highly lead-alloyed bronze is widespread in both southern England and northern France. Finds from the Ewart Park phase are much more common than those from the previous sections. This may be due to the increased use of iron and the associated loss of value of bronze. The composition of the hoards of the Ewart Park phase differs significantly from the metal finds in settlements.

literature

  • Colin B. Burgess, Later Bronze Age in the British Isles and North-western France. In: Archaeological Journal 125, 1968, 1-45.
  • Colin B. Burgess, The Bronze Age. In: Colin Renfrew (Ed.), British Prehistory, a new outline . London, Duckworth 1974, 165-232.
  • Stuart Needham, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, David Coombs, Caroline Cartwright, Paul Pettitt: An independent chronology for British Bronze Age metalwork: the results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Program '. In: Archaeological Journal Vol. 154, 1997 ISSN  0066-5983 , pp. 55-107.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Stuart Needham, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, David Coombs, Caroline Cartwright, Paul Pettitt: An independent chronology for British Bronze Age metalwork: the results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Program . in: Archaeological Journal 154, 1997, p. 93
  2. ^ Colin B. Burgess 1968, The Later Bronze Age in the British Isles and North-western France. Archaeological Journal 125, 1-45; CB Burgess, The Bronze Age. In Colin Renfrew (Ed.), British Prehistory: a new outline. London, Duckworth 1974, 165-232
  3. ↑ Stuart Needham, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, David Coombs, Caroline Cartwright, Paul Pettitt, An independent chronology for British Bronze Age metalwork: the results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Program. Archaeological Journal 154, 1997, 57
  4. ↑ Stuart Needham, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, David Coombs, Caroline Cartwright, Paul Pettitt, An independent chronology for British Bronze Age metalwork: the results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Program. Archaeological Journal 154, 1997, illus. 1
  5. ^ Colin Burgess, Alignments: Revising the Atlantic Late Bronze Age Sequence. Archaeological Journal 169/1, 2012, 130. doi : 10.1080 / 00665983.2012.11020913
  6. ↑ a b Ewart Park phase , in: Timothy Darvill: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archeology . (2 ed.) Oxford University Press, New York 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-172713-9 .
  7. ↑ Stuart Needham, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, David Coombs, Caroline Cartwright, Paul Pettitt, An independent chronology for British Bronze Age metalwork: the results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Program. Archaeological Journal 154, 1997, 97
  8. ↑ Colin Burgess. Alignments: Revising the Atlantic Late Bronze Age Sequence. Archaeological Journal 169/1, 2012, 129, doi : 10.1080 / 00665983.2012.11020913 , P.-Y. Milcent, Le Temps des Élites en Gaule Atlantique . Rennes, Presses Universitaire de Rennes 2012.
  9. ↑ Gustave Chauvet , Une cachette d'objets en bronze trouvée à Vénat, commune de St-Yrieix près Angoulême. Bulletin et Memoires de la Société archéologique et historique de la Charente 4, 1896, 141–393
  10. ↑ José Gomez de Soto: Des éléments du Hallstatt C dans les derniers dépôts français de l'horizon métallique de l'épée en langue de carpe? Un examen critique. Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 111/4, 2014, 730. doi : 10.3406 / e.g. 2014.14463
  11. ^ Colin Burgess, I. Colquhoun, The Swords in Britain . Prehistoric bronze finds IV, 5. Munich, CH Beck 1988, 112
  12. ^ Richard Davis, The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain. Prehistoric bronze finds, section V, volume 5. Wiesbaden, Franz Steiner Verlag 2012
  13. ↑ David Coombs, Bronze Age weapon hoards in Britain. Archaeologia Atlantica 1, 1975, 49-81