Excidobates captivus
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Excidobates captivus is one of the three known species of the genus Excidobates and belongs to the tree dart frog family(Dendrobatidae).
features
Excidobates captivus is one of the smallest poison dart frogs known to date with a head-to-trunk length of 15 to 17 millimeters . Her body is black and has reddish-orange dots and spots that run in a row on either side of the back. There are more yellow spots above the armpits and in the groin. The underside is black and has irregular pale yellow spots. These are usually located on the throat and under the thighs, and occasionally on the stomach. The first finger is shorter than the second, but still well developed. The frog secretes toxins via skin glands, which is why it must be counted among the weakly poisonous poison dart frogs.
The tadpoles are pale gray in color and have an elliptical body.
Occurrence
The species has so far only been detected in two places in northwestern Peru in the valley between Cordillera del Cóndor and Cerros de Campanquis : At the mouth of the Rio Santiago and 130 kilometers southwest in the Cordillera del Condor. The species is probably also present in the south of Ecuador , but this has not yet been adequately researched.
Way of life
The animals live mainly on the ground. The parents carry their larvae to bromeliads , between the leaves of which water accumulates. The males' mating call consists of a short "scream" that is repeated at irregular intervals for several minutes. The males call from hidden places such as leaf axils.
Systematics
The species was discovered in 1924, but only identified as a separate species in 1982 and first described by Myers as Dendrobates captivus on the basis of a single preserved museum specimen . At the same time, Myers described the syntopically occurring sister species Dendrobates mysteriosus . In 1990 he placed both species in the so-called Dendrobates captivus group. While Dendrobates mysteriosus is a recent poison dart frog with a relatively well-studied biology, the last record of Dendrobates captivus came from 1929. It was not rediscovered in the area of type locality until 2008. Twomey & Brown, the two rediscoverers, established the genus Excidobates with the two sister species E. captivus and E. mysteriosus on the basis of recognized monophyly . It is said to be most closely related to the genus Ranitomeya .
Danger
Due to insufficient data, the endangerment situation of the species cannot currently be assessed ( IUCN status: DD).
swell
- CITES (2005): Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora . Online version: 08/11/05. Electronic database
- Grant, T., Frost, DR, Caldwell, JP, Gagliardo, R., Haddad, CFB, Kok, PJR, Means, DB, Noonan, BP, Schargel, WE & WC Wheeler (2006): Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia, Athesphatanura, Dendrobatidae) . Bulletin of the Am.Mus.Nat.Hist. 299
- Myers, CW (1982): Spotted Poison Frogs: Descriptions of Three New Dendrobates from Western Amazonia, and Resurrection of a Lost Species from Chiriqui . At the. Mus. Nov. 2721: 1-23.
- Schulte, R. (1999): Poison dart frogs - Part of species Peru . Nikola Verlag, Stuttgart.
- Twomey, E. & JL Brown (2008): Spotted Poison Frogs: Rediscovery of a Lost Species and a New Genus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Northwestern Peru . Herpetologica 64 (1): 121-137.
Individual evidence
- ↑ CW Myers: Spotted Poison Frogs: Descriptions of Three New Dendrobates from Western Amazonia, and Resurrection of a Lost Species from Chiriqui. - American Museum Novitates 2721, 1982, pp. 1-23. Full text (PDF; 5.3 MB)
- ^ IUCN Red List
Web links
- amphibiaweb.org (English)
- dendrowiki.org (German, English, Spanish)