Cab signaling
The cab signaling (FSS), also known as Cab signal referred to is a form of signaling of the railway. A major reason for the introduction of cab signaling is that train drivers can no longer safely perceive the signals on the tracks at high speeds.
As part of the driver's cab signaling, the information from signals along the route is shown on a display in the driver's cab. In addition, speed information as well as optical and acoustic warning signals are displayed.
classification
Train protection systems can be fundamentally differentiated into systems with driver's cab signaling and those with monitoring / protective intervention. In relation to stationary signaling, systems for driver's cab signaling can either be supportive or independent :
- Supporting systems provide additional security without replacing stationary signals. The function of the driver's cab signaling is limited to monitoring the driver. Most of the systems in the conventional European rail system are of this type.
- Independent systems replace stationary signals, whereby in addition to the monitoring functions, guidance is also provided by driver's cab signals. Such systems are particularly required in high-speed traffic , where stationary signals can no longer be safely perceived. They are also used in urban rapid transit systems with high performance requirements. These systems can also be used to automate operations.
history
Cab signaling experiments were carried out in the UK in the 1910s, in the USA in the 1920s, and in the Netherlands in the 1940s. In 1922, the Interstate Commerce Commission (regulatory authority for rail traffic in the USA) decided that a train safety device was necessary for journeys over 80 mph (130 km / h), which can trigger at least one emergency brake. The Pennsylvania Railroad then tested continuous signaling over the track until a system with four signal aspects emerged in 1926/1927. The Pulse Code Cab Signaling influenced similar variants in Europe, including RS4 in Italy and ALS in the Soviet Union. Since the first generation of the ALS-N does not work safely enough for high-speed travel, it was later supplemented by an ALS-EN variant. The Pulse Code Cab Signaling was expanded regionally to be able to display and monitor further speed limits.
Driver's cab signaling, in the form of line train control , has been used for high-speed trips (over 160 km / h) in Germany and later in Austria since the 1960s . Since the late 1990s, cab signaling has also been used on individual conventional routes ( CIR-ELKE project ).
In the UK , cab signaling has been mandatory at speeds over 125 miles per hour (201 km / h) since the 1980s.
Since the 1990s, the European Train Control System has been available as a further train control system that offers cab signaling.
literature
- Association of German Engineers: VDI-Z., Volume 107, VDI-Verlag, 1965, p. 679.
- Railway technical review . Volume 23, 1974, p. 19.
- Lothar Fendrich: Railway Infrastructure Manual. Volume 10, Springer, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-29581-5 , p. 648.
- Eckehard Schnieder: Traffic control technology: Automation of road and rail traffic. Springer, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-48296-3 , p. 221.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Gregor Theeg, Béla Vincze: Comparison of European train control systems . In: signal + wire . tape 99 , no. 7 + 8 , 2007, ISSN 0037-4997 , p. 6-12 .
- ^ IEP bidders struggle with Appendix C uncertainty . In: Modern Railways . Vol. 65, No. 718, 2008, ISSN 0026-8356 , p. 28.
