Technical school for domestic trade

The Technical College for Internal Trade Dresden was the largest trade training facility in the German Democratic Republic. The central directorate was based in Dresden, and the structural units of the comprehensive school were spread across all districts of the GDR. Middle cadres in the domestic consumer goods sector were trained. The technical school was created in 1954 from a training school for sales point managers of the state-owned retail trade HO and was dissolved in 1993.

Educational work, equipment and offers

From the mid-1950s, a network of three school sections for full-time study in Görlitz , Merseburg and Berlin as well as 14 branch offices for distance learning was set up in addition to the main school in Dresden, which specialized in the food trade . The technical school was briefly subordinate to the Council of the Dresden District, then to the Ministry of Trade and Supply. The director of the comprehensive school, the directors for training and further education as well as student affairs, the administrative manager and the department head of the comprehensive school were located in a main building and two auxiliary buildings at Weinbergstrasse 24 in Dresden. The Dresden school section was also housed on the property, in three permanent barracks, one as a teaching building and two as boarding school accommodation. At the beginning of the 1980s a new boarding school was given its function.

Four parts of the direct study course with a total of around 1100 students belonged to the technical school : Dresden, Berlin, Görlitz and Merseburg. The head of the distance learning department also had his seat in Dresden . He was responsible for the distance learning outposts in every GDR district town (the Suhl branch was connected to Erfurt). Every year around 5000 distance students were trained and looked after at the branch offices. The Central Office for Technical Education , which is also directly subordinate to the Ministry of Trade and Supply, was connected to the Technical School for Internal Trade Dresden .

School parts of the direct study: School part Dresden, about 320 direct students. Part of the school in Merseburg, around 320 direct students. School part Görlitz, about 280 direct students. School part Berlin, about 150 direct students.
Remote study locations: AS Potsdam, AS Schwerin, AS Neubrandenburg, AS Rostock, AS Magdeburg, AS Erfurt and branch Suhl, AS Gera, AS Halle, AS Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz), AS Cottbus, AS Frankfurt, AS Leipzig, AS Dresden.

The school sections and field offices were managed and instructed through the regular management conferences between the director and the school sections and department heads, the meetings between the distance learning department head and the field office managers, the comprehensive school meetings, the specialist group meetings that take place several times a year and the regular observations at the school sections and field offices.

The graduates of the technical college received the degree as "Economist of the consumer goods trade". Upon separate application, they were awarded a degree in business administration in the 1990s. The graduates from 1992 to 1993 received the regular degree in business administration .

In the years 1991 to 1993 the technical college for domestic trade in Dresden was closed.

history

After the People's Trade Organization (HO) was founded in the GDR in 1948, the HO state schools were established in 1950. The state schools in Dresden, Radebeul (later Merseburg) and Apolda (later Görlitz) were subordinated to the Ministry of Trade and Supply and were given the name "School of State Retail Trade". The commercial cadres were trained in one-year courses at these schools.

1954 to 1957

The "state retail schools" were converted into technical schools. The schools in Dresden, Merseburg and Weimar (previously Apolda) were given the status of “Technical School for Internal Trade” by the GDR government . These technical schools trained middle managers for the entire industry. For the first time, 236 students were enrolled for a two-year technical college course. They received their training from around 30 lecturers. The graduates were given the professional title of “commercial economist”. The technical school in Dresden received the order from the ministry to set up distance-learning courses with 600 places and evening courses with 300 places. The transition from two to three-year direct studies took place at the technical schools for domestic trade. The branch offices in Berlin, Erfurt, Leipzig, Rostock, Cottbus, Halle, Magdeburg, Schwerin, Dresden and Karl-Marx-Stadt (in the following years also Potsdam, Neubrandenburg, branch Erfurt / Suhl, Gera, Frankfurt / Oder). For the first time, students were enrolled in a four-year distance learning course.

1958 to 1964

In order to increase the level of training, the technical schools in Dresden, Merseburg and Görlitz as well as the remote study locations in the districts were combined under a single management to form the "Technical School for Internal Trade Dresden". The technical school was given the task of introducing new forms of study and training methods in order to satisfy the considerably increased demand of commercial practice. The training centers in Merseburg and Görlitz were developed into school sections. The special training took place in the areas of buying and selling goods in retail, planning labor economics and accounting / finance. A partial course for established commercial cadres was created and the first special women classes in distance learning were set up.

1965 to 1969

In 1965, a degree in business administration, technology and IT was introduced in Dresden and Merseburg with the qualification as “specialist economist”. For further qualification of the middle technical school education, the special fields of business administration, IT / company organization, rationalization / technology, procurement and sales were established at the school sections and branch offices. The economics studies for business administration began in Görlitz.

1970 to 1974

The specialization phase for third-year direct students was introduced in 1970. The special training took place in the areas of purchasing and sales, planning / accounting / statistics, labor economics, transport / handling / storage and local government bodies.

At the Görlitz section of the school, high school graduates began to study directly. In 1973 the Central Office for Technical Education was founded from the staff of the Dresden Technical College for Internal Trade. The central office took on conceptual, publishing and organizational service tasks for all technical and engineering schools in the GDR that were subordinate to the Ministry of Trade and Supply. One focus was the development, production and distribution of teaching materials. Among other things, technical lecture material was developed for speakers at the ministry on building trade in Angola and Mozambique . In 1974 a scientific symposium with international participation took place at the technical school in Dresden. 1,100 direct students and 4,700 distance students studied at the technical college. 900 graduates received further training in short and long-term courses. 166 full-time technical college teachers, 400 part-time teachers and 198 technical staff were employed in direct and distance learning to solve the tasks.

1975 to 1980

At the end of the 1970s, a collective of authors began working on a textbook on business administration in domestic trade, which in regular new editions until 1990 (Verlag die Wirtschaft) formed the basis of direct and distance learning training. In close cooperation with the technology department, the textbook “Trading Technology” was created at the Department of Trading Technology at the Leipzig Graduate School of Management. In the mid-1980s, the cooperation between the technology department and professors from the commercial college led to the publication of a textbook entitled “Commercial Technological Exercises” at the publishing house Die Wirtschaft. For the trade vocational school sector , Russian teachers developed the textbook Russian for Retail . Preparations and construction began for a new boarding school building on the Hellerhof.

1981 to 1989

In 1981 the new boarding school on the Hellerhof was opened. The work of the “Scientific Student Circle” developed into an important factor in educational work. In Dresden, Berlin, Görlitz and Merseburg in particular, extensive, scientifically sound development work for commercial practice and the state commercial bodies was carried out in the school parts of the direct study. Retail network analyzes, technological projects, business analyzes and work in the fields of data processing and merchandise knowledge received a high level of recognition in the retail practice of the respective districts. Training in data processing had already begun in the mid to late 1960s, the first small computer came in the early 1970s, and computer science training began on Robotron computers in the mid 80s. The technical school maintained a lively exchange of lecturers and students with the “Technical Center of Soviet Trade” in Piatigorsk and the Business School in Budapest. Close, cooperative relationships developed both in the technical and educational field as well as in personal dealings with mutual holiday care. The school section Berlin was separated from the system of the technical school for domestic trade Dresden and developed into an independent technical school.

1990 to 1993

A creative debate took place in different working groups about the content and organizational reorganization of the college. In 1990 and 1991, under the directorate of Dr. Peter Wackernagel, various relationships were established with West German trading companies and educational institutions in Neuwied / Rhein, Cologne, Hamburg, Mainz and West Berlin. The lecturers attended qualification courses, lectures and internships at West German trading companies, in project planning offices and at educational institutions. Lecturers and students visited the large retail companies Kaufhof, Deichmann, Stinnes, Rewe, Lidl and Schwarz, Kaufland, Real, Edeka and Karstadt, mostly up to 3-monthly lecture courses and internships. In the school sections, lecture days were held on business, economic, tax law, merchandise and organizational topics in trade in order to qualify the lecturers for their future tasks. The new topics and aspects were continuously incorporated into ongoing training and further education. By 1991, the graduates of the technical college received their degrees as economists in consumer goods trade . Upon separate application, they were later awarded a degree in business administration (FH) . The graduates from 1992 to 1993 received the regular degree in business administration . In July 1990 the Dresden Trade Educational Institute was founded as a non-profit organization, mainly by lecturers from the technical college. The chairman of the board and the managing director came from the staff of the Fachschule für Binnenhandel Dresden. In 1991 Mrs. Heidemarie Grossnann took over the acting directorate of the college for domestic trade. Until January 1993, the completion of the technical college for domestic trade in Dresden took place under her leadership.

Selected publications by members of the Dresden College of Internal Trade

APALI, N., J. HEINZEL, R. ZIEGLER: Fundamentals of the restructuring of the system of middle technical training; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 6/69; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
APALI, N., R. ZIEGLER, K. MEISER, F. SCHULZE: trained for practice; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 6/71; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
APALI, N .: Reducing waiting times in retail as a social objective; Dissertation A at the "Bruno Leuschner" School of Economics; Berlin 1973
ECKNER, H., S. LESCHNER: Testing of some new teaching and examination methods at the Karl-Marx-Stadt branch of the Dresden College of Internal Trade; Ztschr. "Die Fachschule" 6/68; VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin
EINHORN, O. among others: fruit and vegetables; Textbook, 304 pages, 68 pictures; VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
HIRSEKORN, A .: The protein properties and their importance in the process of meat processing and processing, parts I to V; Ztschr. "Der Butcher Master" 8, 9, 10, 11, 12/66; VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
HIRSEKORN, A .: Water vapor as a loosening gas; Ztschr. "The baker and confectioner" 12/66; VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
HIRSEKORN, A., E. SCHARNER: The meat as raw material, parts II, III, V, VI; Ztschr. "Fleisch" 2, 3, 5, 6/66; VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
HIRSEKORN, A., A. POLLACK: The production of frozen meat sauce dishes; Ztschr. "Fleisch" 9/67; VEB Fachbuch-Verlag Leipzig
HIRSEKORN, A., B. PLASCHKE: Automation problems in meat processing in the Soviet Union; Ztschr. "Fleisch" 9/67; VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
HIRSEKORN, A .: The meat industry at the Leipzig autumn fair in 1967; Ztschr. "Fleisch" 11/67; VEB Fachbuch-verlag Leipzig
HIRSEKORN, A .: On some systematization aspects and models in meat product technology; Ztschr. "Fleisch" 12/69; VEB Fachbuch-verlag Leipzig
HIRSEKORN, A .: On some systematization aspects and model ideas in baked goods technology; Ztschr. "The baker and confectioner" 1/70; VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
HIRSEKORN, A .: Scientific work studies tapped reserves in the Magnet department store; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 12/71, GBH supplement 5/71; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
HIRSEKORN, A., W. NEHRKORN: Basic processes in the production of baked goods; Textbook, 228 pages, 156 pictures, 35 overviews, 10 tables; VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig 1971
KLONNER, H. u. a .: Handbook for Textile Goods Volume 2; Textbook; VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig 1972
KRAEMER, R .: On the activity of the conflict commission in trade; Ztschr. "Die Arbeit", 9/64; Tribüne Verlag Berlin
KRAEMER, R., P. WALKMANN: The development mirror - a work tool to represent the development of distance students; Ztschr. "Die Fachschule" 5/73; VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin
KRAEMER, R., P. WALKMANN: The requirements of the basic economic law in the improvement of the labor supply; Scientific journal of the TH Magdeburg 1973; TH Magdeburg "Otto-von-Guericke"
KUHTZ, H. u. a .: Handbook of Textile Goods, Volume 2; Textbook; VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig 1972
KUHTZ, H .: Von Kammgarn - Chevron and other fabrics; Ztschr. "Konsumgenossenschafter" 6/68; Verb. Deutscher Konsumgenossenschaften KUHTZ, H.-U., D. SCHWOLACH: The meaning and significance of the care symbols for textiles; Ztschr. "Konsumgenossenschafter" 1/68; Verb. Deutscher Konsumgenossenschaften
KUHTZ, H.-U., G. LORENZ: Meaningfulness and limits of the key number when recognizing textiles; Ztschr. "Konsumgenossenschafter" 1/68; Verb. Deutscher Konsumgenossenschaften
LESCHNER, S .: Problems of the scientific-productive activity in the study and in the cultural work at the technical schools Ztschr .; "Die Fachschule" 8/59; VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin
LESCHNER, S .; Problems of scientific-productive activity in studies and cultural work at technical schools; Ztschr. "Die Fachschule" 2/63; VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin
LESCHNER, S .: Scientific design of work in socialist retail trade, parts I and II; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 5, 6/67; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
LESCHNER, S .: Design of cash desk workstations in retail; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 10/68; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
LESCHNER, S., S. WEINERT: Experiences from the first complex work study in the sales process of a CENTRUM department store; Ztschr. "Arbeitswissenschaft", special edition 6/69; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
LESCHNER, S .; The analysis and design of the work equipment. The analysis and design of the physical working conditions .; Department of Kaufhallen GBH; Berlin 1969
LESCHNER, S .: Plants in the workplace. Principles for the operational rationalization of design solutions. The film recording process - an analysis method; Specialized folder GBH; Berlin 1970
LESCHNER, S., P. LEMANSKY: The analysis of work equipment and workplaces; the analysis of the subject of work; the analysis of environmental conditions; Gesellschaft für Betriebsberatung des Handels (GBH); Berlin 1970
LESCHNER, S., I. MATERN: Study of the working method of the Gesellschaft für Betriebsberatung des Handels (GBH); Berlin 1970
LESCHNER, S., A. SCHÜSSLER: Analysis of physical and psychological stress; Gesellschaft für Betriebsberatung des Handels (GBH); Berlin 1970
LESCHNER, S .: The analysis and design of the main factors of the WAO - work equipment and jobs; Gesellschaft für Betriebsberatung des Handels (GBH); Berlin 1972
LESCHNER, S .: Experiences in work studies and in work design in socialist domestic trade in the GDR; Ztschr. "Der Binnenhandel" 3/70; Scientific Ztschr. Of the Institute for Trade, Sofia
LESCHNER, S .: Principles, reference values and type solutions for the anthropometric design of selected workplaces in sales areas of the consumer goods trade as part of the complex design of operational processes; Dissertation A at the Leipzig Graduate School of Management; Leipzig 1971
LESCHNER, S .: How can working conditions for cashiers be improved ?; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 4/73; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
LESCHNER, S .: Better working conditions for cashiers; Ztg. "Handelswoche" 3, 4/73; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
PAUDLER, G .: Scientific maintenance of goods ensures the quality of goods and reduces trade losses; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 11/70; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
PAUDLER, G .: Quality assurance and scientific product maintenance; Ed. "Handelswoche", 17 episodes, years 70, 71, 72; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
SCHMIDT, M .: The tasks of a scientific company organization in socialist trade; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 4/68, supplement Rationalisierung im Handel 2/68; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
SCHMIDT, M .: Basis of a rational business organization in socialist trade Ztschr .; "Der Handel" 6/68, supplement Rationalisierung im Handel 2/68; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
SCHMIDT, M .: The breakdown of tasks and their integration in the coordination plan for the integrated structuring of the trading system; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 9/68, supplement Rationalisierung im Handel 4/68; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
SCHNEIDER, TH., E. BODNAR: New tasks in mathematics in retail; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 2/62; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
SCHNEIDER, TH., F. SCHULZE: Proposal for a quarter pallet; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 1/63; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
SCHNEIDER, TH .: Unused possibilities of factor analyzes with indices from average and total sizes; Ztschr. "Statistische Praxis" 6/65; Staatsverlag der DDR
SCHNEIDER, TH .: The collective lesson preparation according to the modular system - a means for complex rationalization; Ztschr. "Die Fachschule" 7/67; VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin
SCHNEIDER, TH .: Company price analysis trade - statistical methods; Textbook, 116 pages, 47 tables, 18 illustrations; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin 1972
SCHNEIDER, TH .: The sales price as an instrument of the socialist trade enterprise to improve the supply and to increase the economic effectiveness; Dissertation A at the Leipzig Graduate School of Management; Leipzig 1971
SCHRAMM, G., R. SICHTING: Combination of delivery in 24 hours with the order catalog; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 1/63; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
SCHULZ, D., H. SCHÖN: For the introduction of the practice curriculum in Russian at technical and engineering schools in the GDR; Ztschr. "Die Fachschule" 7/67; VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin
SCHÜTT, M. u. a .: Socialist economic management in domestic trade; Issue 24, GBH series of publications; Berlin 1973
SCHULZ, D .: 50th anniversary of the founding of the USSR - occasion for review and tasks of the specialist Russian teachers; Ztschr. "Die Fachschule" 12/72; VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin
SCHULZ, D .: The increase in the effectiveness of Russian lessons in the middle specialist training at economic technical schools in the GDR through a scientifically based selection of specialist texts for silent reading as well as by working with these texts in Russian lessons - presented and examines at the Technical College for Inland Trade Dresden .; Dissertation A at the Potsdam University of Education; Potsdam 1972
SCHULZ, D .: II. Congress of the "Maprjal" in Varna; Ztschr. "Die Fachschule" 1/74; VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin
SCHULZ, D., S. KOHLS, D. STEIDEL: Russian intensive, parts I to IV. An audiovisual textbook and exercise book for the Russian language for language proficiency training at level IA; Institute for Technical Schools in the GDR; Berlin 1973
SCHULZ, D .: Experimental testing of a way to develop silent reading in original specialist literature; Conference material for the II. World Congress of the "Maprjal" 1973
SCHULZ, D .: For the selection of a special minimum vocabulary of the Russian language for different areas of the technical school system; Material for technical school teachers, volume 3., Institute for Technical Schools of the GDR; Berlin 1973
SCHULZ, D .: A rational way to develop silent reading in technical schools, parts I and II; Series of publications for technical school teachers, issue 49, Institute for Technical Schools of the GDR; Berlin 1973
SCHWOLACH, D .: New Spezitex processes; Ztschr. "Konsumgenossenschafter" 32/68; Association of German consumer cooperatives
SEIFERT, H., R. KIRCHHOFF: Commercial areas are independent management levels; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 4/63; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
SICHTING, R., A. KOPLIN: Models, methods and aspects of process design and capacity determination of goods sales 190 pages, schemes and tables; GBH brochure; Berlin 1970
THÜMMLER, S .: Review of the book by K. Steinbuch "Automat und Mensch"; Ztschr. "Measuring - Controlling - Regulating", 10/72; Verlag Technik
WENDT, H., EH LEMPER, E. KRETZSCHMAR: Görlitz illustrated book; Sachsenverlag Dresden 1959
WÜNSCH, A .: The importance of training in the subject of goods science at the Technical College for Inland Trade Dresden, Volume I; University of Internal Trade Leipzig; Leipzig 1962
WÜNSCH, A .: Loss of food items in households, their causes and suggestions for influencing them; Dissertation A at the Leipzig Graduate School of Management; Leipzig 1972
ZAUNE, R .: The uncovering of the causes and the elimination of the inventory differences in the nationally owned food trade; Dissertation A at the Karl Marx University in Leipzig; Leipzig 1964
ZIEGLER, R .: Technical school on new paths; Ztschr. "Der Handel" 4/65; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
ZIEGLER, R .: The coordination is still missing; Ztschr. "Handelswoche" 26/66; Verlag Die Wirtschaft Berlin
ZIEGLER, R .: Laws of consumer behavior in the consumption area of food and beverages; Dissertation A at the Leipzig Graduate School of Management; Leipzig 1973

literature

Technical College for Internal Trade Dresden 1954–1974: Chronicle . Editorial collective under the direction of Armin Hirsekorn, September 1974