Farsa de Ávila

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As Farsa de Ávila ( Posse of Ávila ), the events are called, where in 1465 King Henry IV. Of Castile on June 5, in the absence deposed and his brother Alfonso of Castile as King Alfonso XII. was crowned.

prehistory

Alfonso of Castile
detail of his tomb
Archbishop Alfonso Carrillo
bronze sculpture from the 20th century
Coin that was minted in the name of
"Alfons XII"

Already in the time of King John II, the father of King Henry IV, there were two trends in the nobility of Castile . Part of the nobility demanded more participation in government affairs, especially through representation in the Privy Council. The other part was basically ready to grant the monarch greater freedom of choice, as long as the freedom of action of the nobility in his rulership areas was not affected. Under John II, this conflict reached its climax in the first battle of Olmedo .

Even during the reign of King Henry IV, the Castilian nobility was divided into two groups. They differed in how they wanted to participate in power in Castile. One part of the nobility, represented by the Mendoza family, considered a certain degree of caution appropriate. This group intended to gain parts of power in the upper parts of the government, but to secure the participation of the king. For them, the king was the key figure in balancing the situation, especially through his access to all matters of government. She supported King Henry. The other group agreed to simply push the king aside. She aspired to rule the Castilian crown without restrictions while the king was hunting or engaging in other activities. What arose since February 1462 was not a struggle for the succession, but a clash of two views of the monarchy that were diametrically opposed. The Archbishop of Toledo , Alonso Carrillo, was together with the Marquis of Villena Juan Pacheco and his brother, the Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava, Pedro Girón de Acuña Pacheco, the leader of a comprehensive association of nobles, the "League", which from 1464 opposed the royal Authority judged. Heinrich's brother Alfons of Castile tried to orchestrate this group for their own purposes. On May 16, 1464, Carrillo and Pacheco demanded custody of Alfons. In September 1464 Heinrich recognized his half-brother Alfons as heir to the throne. A few months later, open hostilities between the rebellious nobles and Heinrich began. The prelude was a large theatrical ceremony, which, staged with great symbolism, produced a comprehensive propaganda effect in the country.

Course of events

In Ávila, on June 5, 1465, a large podium was erected outside the walls of the city. There a doll that was supposed to represent Henry IV was placed on the throne. The figure was provided with the royal insignia . She wore a crown, in her right hand she had a scepter , on the other side was the state sword.

Before the impeachment began, Alfons was sitting some distance from the podium. The nobles asked him to sit on the podium and from there to recite the king's misconduct. Heinrich was accused of violating the Christian faith, of living with unbelievers and drawing them to his court, of neglecting the administration of justice and of filling public offices and government positions with lowly people, who express the population with their taxes, that he goes beyond that gave the monarchy in the hands of Beltrán de la Cueva and ignored the will of his father John II. In addition, he would treat the Infante Alfons unworthily. It was publicly alleged that Johanna was not Heinrich's rightful daughter.

Alfonso Carrillo, the Archbishop of Toledo (he was the highest ecclesiastical authority in the country as the primate of Castile), took the crown from the figure of the king and said: "He is not worthy of the office of king". Next, the Marquis of Villena took the scepter from him and said: “You have lost sovereignty over the judiciary.” Álvaro de Zúñiga y Guzmán the Count of Plasencia took up the sword with the words: “You are not the defender of the Kingdom ”. Rodrigo Alonso Pimentel, the Count of Benavente, took the other royal regalia from him. Finally, Diego López de Stúñiga threw the figure from the chair and shouted: "You have lost your honor"

The royal insignia, which had been removed from the figure representing Heinrich, were then given to Alfons, who was eleven at the time, who, after receiving the crown, scepter and sword, was placed on the throne and proclaimed king.

Further development

The kingdom was divided into two parties. There were armed clashes between the parties until Alfons' death. Among these military conflicts, the (unsuccessful) siege of the city of Simancas by the troops of King Henry and the second battle of Olmedo on August 20, 1467 had a certain significance. In this battle, after which both sides declared themselves victorious, both Alfonso and Archbishop Carrillo took part personally.

Alfons died on July 5, 1468. With that, the rebellion, which was completely fixated on himself, collapsed. In the Treaty of Guisando of September 19, 1468, Isabella was recognized as the heir to the kingdom after the death of King Henry. Archbishop Carrillo was present when the treaty was signed and swore allegiance to Isabella as heir to the throne.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ It is not counted in the official designation of the kings of Castile and Spain. When Alfonso XII. Today Alfonso de Borbón y Borbón ruled from 1874 to 1885.
  2. ↑ María Isabel del Val Valdivieso: La sucesión de Enrique IV . In: Espacio, tiempo y forma. Series III, Historia medieval . No. 4 , 1991, pp. 45 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed September 10, 2015]).
  3. ^ Luis Suárez Fernández: La conquista del trono (=  Forjadores de história ). Ediciones Rialp, SA, Madrid 1989, ISBN 84-321-2476-1 , pp. 22 (Spanish).
  4. ↑ María Isabel del Val Valdivieso: La sucesión de Enrique IV . In: Espacio, tiempo y forma. Series III, Historia medieval . No. 4 , 1991, pp. 48 ff . (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed September 10, 2015]).
  5. ↑ Shima Ohara: La propaganda política en torno al conflicto sucesorio de Enrique IV (1457-1474) . Ed .: Universidad de Valladolid. Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, Alicante 2004, ISBN 84-688-7203-2 , p. 459 (Spanish, cervantesvirtual.com [accessed February 28, 2016]).
  6. ↑ The representations of the process differ in details in the historical traditions and in today's literature. The basic fact of the act is the same for all representations.
  7. ↑ María Isabel del Val Valdivieso: La sucesión de Enrique IV . In: Espacio, tiempo y forma. Series III, Historia medieval . No. 4 , 1991, pp. 50 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed September 10, 2015]).
  8. ↑ María Isabel del Val Valdivieso: La sucesión de Enrique IV . In: Espacio, tiempo y forma. Series III, Historia medieval . No. 4 , 1991, pp. 51 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed September 10, 2015]).
  9. ↑ Jorge Díaz Ibáñez: El arzobispo Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña (1412-1482). Una revisión historiográfica . In: Medievalismo: Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales . No. 25 , 2015, p. 147 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed January 20, 2016]).

literature

  • Jorge Díaz Ibáñez: El arzobispo Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña (1412-1482). Una revisión historiográfica . In: Medievalismo: Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales . No. 25 , 2015, p. 135–196 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed January 20, 2016]).
  • Dolores Carmen Morales Muñiz: La concesión del titulo de (I) conde de Buendía por el rey Alfonso XII de Castilla (1465) como expresión del poder del linaje Acuña . In: Espacio, tiempo y forma. Series III, Historia medieval . No. 19 , 2006, pp. 197–210 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed March 2, 2016]).
  • Shima Ohara: La propaganda política en torno al conflicto sucesorio de Enrique IV (1457-1474) . Ed .: Universidad de Valladolid. Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, Alicante 2004, ISBN 84-688-7203-2 , p. 459 (Spanish, cervantesvirtual.com [accessed February 28, 2016]).
  • Joseph Perez: Ferdinand and Isabella . Callwey, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-7667-0923-2 , pp. 394 (from the French by Antoinette Gittinger).
  • Luis Suárez Fernández: La conquista del trono (=  Forjadores de história ). Ediciones Rialp, SA, Madrid 1989, ISBN 84-321-2476-1 , pp. 391 (Spanish).
  • Julio Valdeón Baruque: La Dinastía de los Trastámara . Ed .: Fundación Iberdrola España (=  Biblioteca del Mundo Hispánico ). Ediciones El Viso, o. O. (Madrid) 2006, ISBN 84-95241-50-1 , pp. 312 (Spanish, fundacioniberdrolaespana.org [PDF; accessed January 16, 2016]).
  • María Isabel del Val Valdivieso: La sucesión de Enrique IV . In: Espacio, tiempo y forma. Series III, Historia medieval . No. 4 , 1991, pp. 43–78 (Spanish, unirioja.es [accessed September 10, 2015]).