Carnival chicken

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Carnival chicken (lat .: pullus carnisprivialis ), also Estomihi -Huhn , a certain designated delivery , the serfs annually to their bodies Lord as a token of appreciation had to pay their servitude.

history

The delivery of the carnival chicken was in return for the fact that the body owner granted the serf legal protection, i. that is, the serf had to provide legal counsel when summoned to a foreign court. The fee consisted of a hen that was usually delivered before the beginning of the annual Lent . If this tax was due at a different time of the year, it was accordingly also called autumn hen , May hen , Pentecost hen or summer hen , etc. The terms Leibhuhn , Fronhuhn or Halshuhn were also used in some areas.

The widespread carnival date of this tax was probably related to the abstinence from eggs during Lent. The release of laying hens reduced the number of eggs to be expected that could only have been preserved by pickling or boiling.

Depending on the regional custom, certain people, although they were serfs, were exempt from this tax obligation. B. mayor , aldermen , women in childbed and / or widows.

The carnival chicken was often a source of income for the bailiffs appointed by the landlord and court lord , as part of the payment for their judicial work on behalf of the court lord. For example, a governor complained to the Federal Diet in Baden in 1526 about the cancellation of his carnival chicken salary component, and he was promised a replacement.

Hen war in the Lower Engadine

In the years 1475–1476 there were armed conflicts in the Lower Engadine , the so-called hen war , triggered by the refusal of the Engadin to deliver their carnival chickens to the Austrian keepers of Nauders .

Different meaning

However, other chickens to be delivered annually at this time could also be designated as carnival chickens. For example, B. a wealthy widow in 1445 that the foundlings in the Nuremberg foundling houses were to receive a carnival chicken every year from the income from two days' work in Steinbühl .

Monetary value

There is a value date for various future chickens from 1506: 1 carnival chicken 7 pfennigs, 1 Christmas chicken 6 pfennigs, 1 Martin chicken 5 pfennigs, 1 Michaelis chicken 4 pfennigs, 1 autumn chicken 4 pfennigs.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fastnachtshuhn, that. In: Adelung, Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect. Volume 2, Leipzig 1796, p. 57. (online)
  2. ↑ See e.g. B. Etienne François, Hagen Schulze (ed.): German places of memory. Volume III, CH Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-47224-9 , p. 438.
  3. ↑ See e.g. B. High court and carnival chicken: the shepherd's practice of Niederstadtfeld.
  4. ↑ Landvogt complains about the deletion of the carnival chicken wage component, replacement is promised (chickens); Farewell; On the mountain Joseph, Landvogt Thurgau.
  5. ↑ Tschanüff Castle: The Hennen War 1475. ( Memento from September 13, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Britta Juliane Kruse: Widows: Cultural history of an estate in the late Middle Ages and early modern times . De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-018926-1 , p. 357.
  7. ↑ Regesten the archive of the Counts of Henneberg-Roßfeld, no. 2296, pp 1008/1009, by 22 December 1506

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