Fatima Soudi bint Abderremane

Queen Fatima accompanied by Mohamed, 1863. Désiré Charnay

Fatima Soudi bint Abderremane (birth name, also: Djoumbé Fatima or Djoumbé Soudi ; born 1837 or 1836 in Ouallah , Mohéli ; died 1878) was a sultana of Moheli , (the so-called "djoumbé") from 1849. She was the daughter by two Malagasy princes, Ramanetaka and Rovao , from the Merina royal family of Madagascar.

Life

Fatima, 1868.

Her parents were noble Merina from Madagascar. Her father, General Ramanetaka , was the brother-in-law of Radama I , King of Madagascar. He established a sultanate in Moheli as "Abderremane, Sultan of Mohéli" and died in 1842. Her mother, Ravao, then ruled for her as regent (Djoumbé) for a time. However, she soon married her husband's adviser Tsivandini (1843). This became Djoumbé's tutor and made preparations for a marriage with the Sultan of Zanzibar . Ravao and Tsivandini were divorced in 1846.

The French , who had brought Mayotte under their rule since 1841, tried to extend their rule to Mohéli, as they had already done in Anjouan . When her mother remarried in 1843, France intervened and ended the vassal relations that linked the Sultanate with the Sultanate of Zanzibar and the Sultanate of Muscat , which was allied with the British . In 1847 the governor of Mayotte handed the young queen over to a Creole "governess institutrice" (educator) of Mauritius , a Mme Droit . Fatima gradually adapted to Western culture, especially in the way she dressed. In 1849, at the age of 12, she was installed as sultana at the instigation of the French. In 1851, nobles proposed a marriage with Saïd Mohammed Nasser M'Kadar (Sayyid Muhammad bin Nasser Al-Busaidi), a cousin of the Sultan of Zanzibar. At first she refused because she did not want to marry a Muslim . The people protested and the governess was made responsible. She had to leave the island. Most recently, Fatima agreed to marry M'Kadar. She went to Zanzibar for her wedding in 1852. M'kadar became Prince Consort and ruled together with Fatima until 1860. Fatima subsequently took over more Arab customs with regard to women, but remained in power as Sultana. When the prince visited his home in 1860, he was denied entry to the palace. Fatime sought help from the French, who promptly intervened with their navy. In November 1861 M'Kadar was killed and quiet returned. As a compromise, the Sultan Saidi married Omar bin Saidi Houssein from Anjouan Fatima. However, this marriage did not last. In 1865 a plantation contract was signed with the adventurer Joseph Lambert , who founded a sugar plantation and claimed 42% of the island's agricultural area. She only resigned from the government in 1867 for her son, who wanted to cancel this contract. Lambert sought help from the French and the navy bombed Mohéli, whereupon Fatima fled to Zanzibar. From there she went to Paris and asked for the intervention of Emperor Napoleon III. In the meantime, Lambert made himself Mohamed's guardian in Mohéli. When his mother returned with almost no results, there was another uprising and the navy destroyed almost all of Fomboni on June 3, 1871. Fatima had to accept her defeat. Lambert died on September 22, 1873 and Mohamed 1874. Thereupon she officially ascended the throne again and remained in power until her death in 1878. Émile Fleuriot de Langle was appointed administrator of the properties of Lambert. With him she had two more children, including Salima Machamba , the last Queen of Mohéli.

children

From his marriage to Said Muhammad bin Nasser Mkadara , the "Prince Consort and Regent of Mohéli, Counselor of Sayyid Sa'id bin Sultan " (Sultan of Muscat and Oman ), Sultan of Oman and Sultan of Zanzibar , Fatima had three sons:

• • Muhammad bin Muhammad Al-Busaidi, Sultan of Mohéli (Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara, ~ 1859 - 1874), Sultan of Mohéli (1865–1874)
  • Abderremane bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara (Abudurehmani II bin Muhammad Al-Busaidi, ~ 1860 - 1885), Sultan of Mohéli (1878–1885)
  • Mahmudu bin Mohamed Makadara (Mahmud bin Muhammad Al-Busaidi, Fomboni , born 1863; died October 18, 1898, Saint-Denis (Réunion) ), regent of Mohéli for his half-sister, Sultana Salima Machamba (born September 18, 1889 ; d. October 9, 1897); his son:
    • Manini, Prince of Mohéli

The relationship with Emile Fleuriot de Langle (Emile Fleuriot de l'Angle du Curri) (1837–1881) has two children:

• • Bakoko (–1901), Prince of Mohéli
  • Salima Machamba ( Fomboni , born November 1, 1874; died August 7, 1964, Pesmes , Haute-Saône , France ), Sultana of Mohéli (1888–1909), married in Saint-Denis (Réunion) to the French gendarme Camille Paule (Pesmes, March 1, 1867; † September 22, 1946, Champagney (Jura) ) on August 28, 1901; she had three children.

literature

• Jean-Louis Guebourg: La Grande Comore. Des sultans aux mercenaires. Éditions L'Harmattan 1994: 272. ISBN 2738422993
• Claude Chanudet, Jean-Aimé Rakotoarisoa: Mohéli: une île des Comores à la recherche de son identité. Editions l'Harmattan 2000. ISBN 9782738487360 [2]
• Mahmoud Ibrahime: Djoumbé Fatima: A pure comorienne face aux visées coloniales de la marine française. In: Tarehi - Revue d'Histoire et d'Archéologie. 2, 10-17, 2001.
• Christophe Grosdidier: Djoumbe Fatima, pure de Mohéli , L'Harmattan, Paris 2004. ISBN 978-2-7475-6953-8

Web links

Commons : Djoumbé Soudi, Queen of Mohéli  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Kathleen Sheldon: Djoumbe Fatima (1837–1878) . In: Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa . Scarecrow Press, Lanham (Maryland) 2005, ISBN 978-0-8108-5331-7 , p. 63.
2. ^ Martin Ottenheimer, Harriet Ottenheimer: Historical Dictionary of the Comoro Islands. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, NJ [ua] 1994: 61. ISBN 978-0-8108-2819-3 [1]
3. ↑ Christopher Buyers: The Royal Ark / Oman October 27, 2014.
4. ↑ Mwali .

predecessor	Office	successor
Ramanetaka Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara	Sultana of Mohéli 1842-1865 1874-1878	Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara Abderremane bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara