Window craftsman

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Window craftsmen restoring church windows.

Window craftsman is the professional profile of a self-employed restorer of historic windows ( Fönsterhantverkare ) from Sweden . Window craftsmen repair historic windows using traditional craft techniques using historic materials such as linseed oil and linseed oil paints . Swedish window craftsmen developed special devices and new crafting methods, which also in Germany enable window repairs that are gentle on the substance, especially in the context of monument preservation . The craft techniques of the window craftsmen are rooted in the traditional "ability to repair" historical windows.

Craft techniques

Until the Second World War, historical windows were always preserved with linseed oil and painted with linseed oil paint. The restoration of this linseed oil preservation is one of the basic principles of window craftsmen.

The repair of historical windows by the window craftsmen follows the repair method of the Fönsterhantverkare, which is based on historical craft techniques and materials in Sweden . Window craftsmen use traditional materials and handicraft techniques in all work steps involved in the manufacture and repair of historic windows.

The “putty lamp” invented by Allbäck for the window trade was the first device that enabled the substance-friendly removal of brittle cement fibers using infrared radiation.

The work of the window craftsman therefore includes historical craft methods used by carpenters , painters , glaziers and blacksmiths . All components and materials of a historical window can be repaired and maintained by a craftsman. The development of this professional profile of a specialized window restorer is connected with the production of linseed oil products according to old recipes and with the invention of special equipment.

Repairs are carried out exclusively with traditional repair techniques, old window wood and are limited to the bare minimum.

The establishment of the profession of window craftsman is based, among other things, on the "putty lamp" invented by Allbäck, which enables the substance-friendly removal of old window putty using targeted infrared radiation, and on the production of oil paints based on traditional recipes made from linseed oil and pigments . The exclusive use of linseed oil paint without solvents is a characteristic of the work of all window craftsmen. Due to these special features of the window trade, the repair and maintenance of historical windows according to the window craftsman's method became groundbreaking for the authentic preservation or restoration of historical window stocks in Germany as part of monument preservation . The listed, clearly defined window repairs or window restoration must be distinguished from the imprecise and ambiguous window renovation today. Irreversible changes that affect the substance of historical windows or the complete replacement of historical windows are called window renovation today. However, these changes to historical windows are not compatible with the legal basis of monument protection in the German federal states. The working methods of the window craftsmen and their principles of repairing historical windows correspond to the monument protection laws of the federal states. Window craftsmen make necessary improvements reversible and therefore work closely with the monument authorities .

The job description

The founder of the window trade, Hans Allbäck, and a seminar participant worked in the Bjäresjö Skola's painting workshop.

The professional profile of the Fönsterhantverkare was developed by Hans and Sonja Allbäck in 1982 and 1983. From 1985 the first window craftsmen were trained in Ystad , Sweden. The job description has been known in Germany since 1995 and the profession of self-employed window craftsman has also been practiced in Germany since 2000.

The main features of the window craft:

  • According to the concept of the founders of the window trade, window craftsmen work independently, autonomously and cooperate with one another.
  • Window craftsmen repair and maintain old wood and iron windows using only tried and tested traditional materials. Only high-quality raw and boiled linseed oil and pure linseed oil paint are therefore used to preserve wood and metal .
Apprenticeship in window trade in Bjäresjö Skola by Hans and Sonja Allbäck in Ystad, Sweden.
  • Window craftsmen see the repair of historic windows as an indivisible task. All window repair steps are carried out from a single source.
  • Window craftsmen observe the values ​​and procedures for the conservation and restoration of monuments as set out in the 1964 Venice Charter .
  • Window craftsmen do not remove historical substance where it is not strictly necessary to restore a historical window. Measures that serve the functional improvement of window closures are carried out reversibly by window craftsmen.

Origins

The job profile was developed in Sweden, where around 200 window craftsmen work today. The traditional repair methods for historical windows were taken up and summarized in a separate job description. The apprenticeship as a self-employed window craftsman began in "Bjäresjö Skola", which was founded by Hans and Sonja Allbäck in Ystad ( Sweden ) in 1985. At the beginning of this century, parts of the window craftsman training program were transferred from Sweden to Finland. The basics and principles of the window craft developed and practiced in Sweden, both in relation to the restoration of historical windows and in relation to the job description of the "self-employed and independent window craftsman", are also conveyed in workshops of window craftsmen.

Window craftsmen in Germany

"Construction windows" with insulation film close the window openings in winter during the repair. The sashes are restored in the window craftsman's workshops.

In 1997, the window trade was introduced in Germany: the city of Leipzig enabled a pilot project in which the window repair method of the window craftsman was carried out as an example. As a result, the window trade in Germany was further developed by carpenters and painters. The peculiarities of German historical window construction were taken into account in the further development of the window trade, as Swedish windows were constructed from Nordic spruce, while in Germany oak and larch were traditionally used. From these craftsmen, independent window craftsmen in the sense of the Swedish professional profile Fönsterhantverkare have developed, who have founded their own workshops since 2000. There are no reliable sources available on the number of window craftsmen working in Germany whose job description is identical to the Swedish job description of Fönsterhantverkare. Self-employed window craftsmen in Germany impart window craftsmanship to craftsmen of various trades who have completed vocational training and have reached the age of 18. This advanced training course to become an independent window craftsman who only repairs and maintains historical windows is not institutionally regulated in Germany. In Sweden there is an effort to recognize the status of journeyman and master in the job description of window craftsmen. In Germany, the job description is not protected by the craft regulations because, like the job restorer, it is not entered in the craft register. The advanced training and specialization to become a window craftsman is passed on to private educational institutions. Window craftsmen who want to practice their profession in Germany can apply for an unlimited exemption from the competent Chamber of Crafts in a craft that is subject to authorization in accordance with Section 8 or Section 9 of the Crafts Code . The standards of window restoration by window craftsmen were taken up in 2011 by a scientific institution as part of a study and recommended for use.

literature

  • Pearson, David: Earth to Spirit. In search of Natural Architecture. Gaia Books. London, 1994, ISBN 978-0811807319
  • Allbäck, Sonja; Fredlund, Bertil: Windowcraft - Part One. In: Journal of Architectural Conservation. Volume 10, Number 2, July 2004, pp. 53-66, [2] .
  • Allbäck, Sonja; Allbäck, Hans: Windowcraft - Part Two. In: Journal of Architectural Conservation. Volume 10, Number 2, July 2004 pp. 7–25, [3]
  • Schrader, Mila: Windows, glass and fittings as historical building materials - a material thread and guide. EDITION: elsewhere, Suderburg 2001, ISBN 3-931824-04-7

Web links

Wiktionary: Window craftsmen  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schrader, Mila: Windows, glass and fittings as historical building material - a material thread and guide. EDITION: elsewhere, Suderburg 2001, p. 109 f ISBN 3-931824-04-7
  2. ↑ Stockholms Läns Museum - Fönsterhantverk? ( Memento of the original from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stockholmslansmuseum.se
  3. ↑ http://www.die-fensterhandwerker.de/Die_Fensterhandwerker/Die_Grundsatze_der_Fensterrestaurierung.html
  4. ↑ Allbäck, Sonja and Hans: Fensterhandwerk aus Schweden, In: Der Holznagel, Heft 3, May / June 2008, p. 33 ff.
  5. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse: Building consultant window in Hesse. Worksheet I maintenance and completion . Wiesbaden 2001/2005 ( Memento from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Wolfgang M. Heckl : The culture of repair, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-446-43678-7 , p. 48
  7. ↑ Tobias Huckfeldt, Hans-Joachim Wenk: wooden windows - construction, damage, renovation, maintenance. Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-481-02504-5 , p. 363: "historical" means: from the time before WWII.
  8. ↑ Schrader, Mila: Windows, glass and fittings as historical building material - a material thread and guide. EDITION: elsewhere, Suderburg 2001, p. 109 f ISBN 3-931824-04-7
  9. ↑ Pearson, David: Naturarchitektur - In search of a natural architecture. Foreword by Victor Papanek. Wiese Verlag, Basel 1995; P. 146; ISBN 3-909164-36-6
  10. ↑ Allbäck, Sonja; Fredlund, Bertil: Windowcraft - Part One. In: Journal of Architectural Conservation. Volume 10, Number 2, July 2004, p. 56
  11. ↑ http://www.google.com/patents/EP0141836B1
  12. ↑ http://was.prv.se/spd/patent?p1=Nqi_ETFblFZ7eM42P9NdVA&p2=Hs9f8_L69ao&lang=en
  13. ↑ http://was.prv.se/spd/pdf/qsCcsz0CA3hhSy3t0WW1EA/SE450715.B.pdf
  14. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse: Building consultant window in Hesse. Worksheet I maintenance and completion . Wiesbaden 2001/2005 ( Memento from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ^ A b Wolf Schmidt: Repair of historical wooden windows. In: Monument preservation information . Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, Munich 2004, p. 21, ISSN  1617-3147
  16. ↑ Tobias Huckfeldt, Hans-Joachim Wenk: wooden windows - construction, damage, renovation, maintenance. Cologne 2009, p. 260, ISBN 978-3-481-02504-5
  17. ^ Association of State Monument Preservators in the Federal Republic of Germany. Worksheet 8, Instructions for the treatment of historical windows in architectural monuments, Wiesbaden, 1991
  18. ↑ http://www.die-fensterhandwerker.de/Die_Fensterhandwerker/Die_Grundsatze_der_Fensterrestaurierung.html
  19. ↑ http://www.denkmalliste.org/denkmalschutzgesetze.html
  20. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse: Building consultant window in Hesse. Worksheet I maintenance and completion . Wiesbaden 2001/2005 ( Memento from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ Pearson, David: Naturarchitektur - In search of a natural architecture. Foreword by Victor Papanek. Wiese Verlag, Basel 1995; P. 146; ISBN 3-909164-36-6
  22. ↑ Susanne Ruhrländer: Mending instead of replacing? Window craftsman - a new job profile in Sweden . In: glass + frame. Verlagsanstalt Handwerk GmbH, Düsselberg 2000, p. 44 ff
  23. ↑ [1]
  24. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ikkunaentisoijat.com
  25. ↑ Allbäck, Sonja; Fredlund, Bertil: Windowcraft - Part One. In: Journal of Architectural Conservation. Volume 10, Number 2, July 2004, p. 53
  26. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse: Building consultant window in Hesse. Worksheet I maintenance and supplementation ( Memento from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Wiesbaden 2001/2005
  27. ↑ § 8 Crafts Code
  28. ↑ Sven Schwärmer, Markus Zerer, Till Gottschalk, Benjamin Tillner, David Ludwig, Susanne Rexroth: Evaluation of proposals for the energetic renovation of individual components using the example of the Hufeisensiedlung in Berlin; Berlin University of Technology and Economics, Berlin 2012, p. 12 (PDF; 12.2 MB)