Mooring
The mooring is a maneuver in the shipping industry , which to secure the watercraft anchored to solid objects, usually on land or in the ocean floor serves. This place is called the berth . The vehicle is usually moored in the process. The aim is to fix the vehicle, that is, to protect it from unwanted "swimming away".
process
After the selection of the berth (sufficient water depth) and the mooring maneuver , the actual mooring takes place. So that the ship is safe, it is depending on the size with one or more pre-lines , stern lines , Vorsprings and aft Springs moored on the shore. Large ships are sometimes additionally stabilized with a “chest” or cross line between the fore / stern line and spring.
On large ships, they are occupied on a bollard or come from a winch. They are usually led through a fairlead on the ship's hull . In recreational shipping , the mooring lines are attached to a cleat on the ship side ( mooring on a cleat ).
On the land side, the thick mooring lines or steel cables are attached to bollards or rings. Steel cables and heavy plastic mooring lines are pulled ashore with a throw line . At the end you have a spliced eye (loop) that is placed over the bollard by the ship's anchor. In the recreational boating are mooring lines ashore with a bowline , with a double round turn and two half-hitches or a clove hitch moored at the bollards or with an anchor bend on the ring.
So that the hull does not rub against the berth, fenders or car tires are attached between the hull and the quay wall . In the case of sports boats , fenders are also attached to the outer mooring side so that another ship can dock on your own ship if there is not enough space.
Watercraft can also moor alongside another vehicle in a package and thus only have an indirect connection to the land. It is also possible to moor on dolphins, buoys and jetties.
Apply backwards
When mooring backwards, the ship is moored between anchors with an anchor chain and on the bank with two stern lines. This type is common on ferries , RoRo ships and sport boats in southern countries. With sport boats, this method can be used to achieve sufficient distance from the shore if the water depth on the shore is too shallow. In anchoring bays, a line is often stretched to a tree, a ledge or to a sand anchor on the bank. The stern line is sometimes brought to shore with a dinghy or floating.
Vacuum fastener
Large ports have modern onshore vacuum mooring lines, which are mainly used for mooring cargo ships in ports. The hull is sucked in by hollow flexible cushions and thus offers quick mooring. The cushions fix the hull laterally at about quay height.