Feuillantenkloster Fontaine
The Feuillanten monastery Fontaine was from 1614 to 1791 a monastery of the Feuillanten at the birthplace of Bernhard von Clairvaux in Fontaine-lès-Dijon .
history
prehistory
Fontaine Castle, on a hill in Fontaine-lès-Dijon , belonged to Tescelin de Fontaine . It was the scene of the birth of Bernhard von Clairvaux by his mother Aleth von Montbard in 1090 . The castle was owned by Bernhard's family until 1462, when it passed into other hands.
The monastery
In 1613 Joachim de Damas, the founder of the Capuchin monastery in Dijon (replaced by barracks in 1870), sold the property to the Cistercian Congregation of Feuillanten, which had been expelled from Cîteaux , and which, with the help of King Louis XIII. , who was a fan of St. Bernard, converted into a monastery, the Monastère Saint-Bernard . In 1618 it was used as a royal monastery by Louis XIII. taken under his patronage. The Feuillanten built the house of prayer Saint-Bernard with two chapels, the chapel " Louis the Holy " for the king and the chapel " Maria, Mittlerin der Graces " for Queen Anna . The establishment lasted from 1618 to 1624. In charge was the second prior of the monastery, Jean de Saint-Malachie Obry (1567-1652). In 1618 the renovation of the nearby Bernhardskirche began. In 1791 the monastery fell victim to the French Revolution and was demolished. Only the two chapels remained and were used for other purposes.
Post-history
In 1840, the former vicar general of the Archdiocese of Dijon , Canon Renault, bought the neglected place, restored the St. Bernard Chapel in a makeshift manner so that masses could be celebrated there again and lived there as a hermit from 1843, but without achieving any further restoration. In 1867 he turned to the priest Christian de Bretenières, scion of a wealthy Dijon family (from Bretenières ) and younger brother of Just de Bretinières (1838–1866), who was martyred with Bishop Siméon-François Berneux in Korea. In 1868 he became co-owner and custodian of the place and went to work more energetically (in the struggle with the very hesitant Bishop of Dijon). He created a pilgrimage and founded a priestly community of the inner mission in 1878 to look after it, the Bernhard priests , who were in charge since Bretinières took on other tasks in Dijon from 1880 . In 1891 the chapel wing was expanded to include a church (with the help of the architect Paul Selmersheim, 1840-1916), which was not fully completed until 1991. It is commonly referred to as a basilica, but does not have this name under canon law. From 1919 to 1978 the Redemptorists followed the Bernhard Community, which perished in the turmoil of hostility to the Church in the Third Republic and in the First World War . Then the Frères de la Résurrection were there . The Society of St. Peter has been looking after the basilica and pilgrimage site since 2002 . The place is officially called Couvent et Basilique Saint-Bernard à Fontaine-lès-Dijon and has been a listed building since 1988. A few steps away is the 15th century Saint-Bernard church, which serves as a parish church. The former monastery grounds have been converted into a park since 2008. A gate that remained from the monastery was moved to the park in 1821 and listed as a historical monument in 1928. The entire complex is called the Site Saint-Bernard (Memorial of Saint Bernard).
literature
- Benoist Pierre: «Émotion religieuse et ordre monarchique. Du prince et des passions humaines chez les feuillants au début du XVIIe siècle », Hypothèses , 2002/1 (5), pp. 335-344
- Benoist Pierre: La bure et le scepter. La congrégation des Feuillants dans l'affirmation des États et des pouvoirs princiers (verse 1560 – verse 1660) . Publications de la Sorbonne, Paris 2006.
- Lazare Collin: Christian de Bretinières (1840-1914) . Thorey, Dijon 1923.
- Les Feuillants et le Monastère royal de Fontaine-lès-Dijon . 1998 (exhibition catalog).
Manual literature
- Laurent Henri Cottineau : Repertoire topo-bibliographique des abbayes et prieurés . Vol. 1. Protat, Mâcon 1939–1970. Reprint: Brepols, Turnhout 1995. Column 1174.
- Bernard Peugniez : Guide Routier de l'Europe Cistercienne. Editions du Signe, Strasbourg 2012, p. 65.
Web links
- Monument page, French
- Entry in the Base Mérimée
- Literature by and about Fontaine Feuillantenkloster in the SUDOC catalog (Association of French University Libraries)
- Information on the Fontaine Feuillantenkloster in the database of the Bibliothèque nationale de France .
Coordinates: 43 ° 43 ′ 41.1 ″ N , 7 ° 16 ′ 46.8 ″ E