Spruce resin
The collective name of spruce resin is used to summarize all resins ( turpentine ) that are obtained partly as a natural excretion product, partly as a manufactured product from conifers (conifers) of the genus Picea ( spruce ).
There are many other names Resina communis , Resina Pini , Resina alba , Resina burgundica , Resina flava , burgundy resin , White resin , water resin , Yellow resin , pine resin , Pix alba or white pitch , Pix burgundica or Burgundy pitch , Gallipo or Galipot also Barras , Scraping resin, pitch , scrape , also as cobbler pitch and brewer's pitch , as well as forest incense.
Extraction / processing
The spruce resin can emerge from natural outflows, dried overflow resin (callus resin), peat resin (peat resin extraction), as well as from incisions (oleoresin) (river resin extraction) and be collected. A part (about 20%) of the turpentine oil evaporates on the trunk , while the rest becomes resinous and so finally hard transparent masses form, the raw spruce resin. The two different resins, callus resin and oleoresin, differ in their composition.
This raw resin (turpentine) can be used directly or melted, but it can also be processed by distillation , leaving the resinous, turpentine oil-reduced residue.
The commercial varieties are differentiated based on their production:
- Galipot, Scharrharz: Dried resin
- Ordinary bad luck: resin distilled without steam, which was then strained through . There is also black or brown pitch, the residues are pitch crackers.
- Boiled turpentine: resin distilled with steam.
- White pitch, burgundy pitch: boiled turpentine that was sifted through. If this pitch is cooked further, rosin is formed .
- Yellow pitch, yellow spruce resin: Boiled turpentine, stirred with the addition of water. It is also made from a mixture of rosin and burgundy pitch.
- Forest incense: resin flowing out of young conifers.
composition
The uncleaned raw resin still contains a lot of impurities (bark components, dirt) is brittle, it is mostly opaque pieces of white-yellow to reddish color, with a slight smell of turpentine. The spruce resin is an alternating mixture of crystallizable, but usually amorphous, resin acid with turpentine oil and water.
use
It is used to prepare varnishes , varnishes , putties , in the 19th century for the production of plasters and even chewing gum , for pasting oak barrels (brewer's pitch), for gluing paper, for finishing , for resin soap and machine grease , for luminous gas and luminous oils.
literature
- Karl Dieterich, Erich Stock: Analysis of the resins balms. 2nd edition, Springer, 1930, ISBN 978-3-642-89462-6 , pp. 304-309.
- Otto Berg: Pharmaceutical product knowledge. 1st part, 2nd edition, Rudolf Gaertner, Berlin 1857, p. 529 f.
- G. Frerichs, G. Arends, H. Zörnig: Hagers Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Volume 2, 2nd edition, Springer, 1938, ISBN 978-3-662-35502-2 , p. 462.
- Friedrich Knapp: Textbook of chemical technology: 1st volume, 3rd edition, Vieweg, Braunschweig 1865, p. 496 f.
- Hanns Guenther Seyb: Botany and drug studies: I. and II. Part. Springer, 1956, ISBN 978-3-663-04058-3 , p. 159.
- Ferdinand Schubert: Handbuch der Forstchemie. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1848, p. 656 f.
- Lisa Takler: Volatile compounds and antimicrobial effects of selected resins and balms from AJ. Diploma thesis, Univers. Vienna, 2015, pp. 50–59, online. (PDF; 3.18 MB), from ubdata.univie.ac.at, accessed on January 4, 2017.